Introduction and Aim: Due to the Coronavirus outbreaks, the SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19, has claimed several lives around the world, with the majority of them being elderly, suffering from underlying chronic illnesses, or living in vulnerable conditions. This study aimed to find the immunological factors CD-79, CD-4, IL-2, and TNF-B in COVID-19 patients utilizing nucleocapsid-(N), a protein structure that interacts with genomic RNA to create complexes.   Materials and Methods: SARS-COV-2 infection was detected using RT-PCR. The serum levels of IL-2 and TNF-B, as well as the concentrations of CD4 and CD79, were measured. This study included 100 COVID-19 patients.   Results: The results showed that the serum concentration of TNF-beta and IL-2 in COVID19 patients was significantly higher than that in the general population (with acute and moderate illness) when compared to normal control groups (p 0.05). COVID-19 patients reported higher levels of CD79 as well as CD4 expression than healthy control groups in a study of activated markers.   Conclusion: Infection with SARS-COV-2 has a high impact on various immunological and inflammatory markers in patients.

Introduction and Aim: Thyroid eye illness is widely recognized as one of the most significant concerns confronting the medical profession today. The thyroid-related ophthalmopathy also known as Graves’ ophthalmopathy is an autoimmune disorder that cannot be reversed and hence, research pertaining to the identification of novel markers that can explain both the prognosis and the recovery of the condition is needed. In this study, we aimed to investigate the IL-38 gene expression levels among Graves’ ophthalmopathy patients in Iraq.   Methodology: The TSH levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The level of IL-38 gene expression in patient blood samples and normal healthy controls was measured qualitatively using RT-PCR.   Results: Patients who were diagnosed with Graves’ ophthalmopathy were observed to have abnormally low levels of thyrotropin (TSH) in their serum. In these patients, the interleukin IL-38 gene expression was observed to be significantly greater compared to healthy controls (P<0.01), the tendency of which continued even after one year of therapy with anti-thyroid drugs.   Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the IL-38 transcript is important in the autoimmune response. The identification of IL-38 expression levels could contribute in the early clinical diagnosis and treatment of thyroid eye disease

Background: Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disorder whose cause is unknown. Psoriasis appears to be an immune-mediated disease, according to growing evidence. The immunomodulatory effects of lenalidomide inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that have been associated with several hematologic cancers. Lenalidomide enhances the host's immune system by regulating T cell proliferation, which causes alterations in inflammation that are associated with the etiology of psoriasis. The purpose of the study: In this trial, the aim was to study the effectiveness of lenalidomide as an ointment in the treatment of psoriasis-induced in mice and to examine the histological differences between the tested groups. Materials and methods: This study was conducted from November 2021 to June 2022. 70 healthy male albino mice, which were randomly divided into seven groups of 10 mice each. Psoriasis was induced by imiquimod in groups (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6). Group 1 received only 5% imiquimod cream, Group 2 received Clobetasol ointment, Group 3 received only the base containing lenalidomide and Groups (4, 5, and 6) received lenalidomide ointment (1%, 2% and 3%, respectively).

Background: Different types of material were used as implants; the most common is titanium and its alloy, and recently zirconia acquired robust interest due to many desirable properties, Natural biocomposites recently received widespread attention as an active coating covering metallic implants due to their bioactivity, availability, and affordability. Aim: This study aims to present the evolvement and characterization of ginger extract  materials overlying Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia and PEEK substrate. Material and method: The methodology of the present study involved preparation of ginger extract powder twenty disc-shaped specimens with a dimension of 10 mm, from partially sintered Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal and PEEK . The naturally prepared ginger extract powder was deposited via cold spraying device. The prepared ginger extract characterized by particle size analyzer and ginger extract while The experimental specimens were characterized by,  field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Conclusion  :naturally prepared ginger extract exhibit uniform distribution and good adherence to the samples Therefore, it can be used as a coating material for zirconia and PEEK implants with promising biological and mechanical properties.