<abstract> <p>The COVID-19 pandemic caused by highly-infectious virus namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in infection of millions of individuals and deaths across the world. The need of an hour is to find the innovative solution for diagnosis, prevention, and cure of the COVID-19 disease. Nanotechnology is emerging as one of the important tool for the same. In the present review we discuss the applications of nanotechnology-based approaches that are being implemented to speed up the development of diagnostic kits for SARS-CoV-2, development of personal protective equipments, and development of therapeutics of COVID-19 especially the vaccine development.</p> </abstract>

months [55-351months], three times a week, four hours each session, with blood pump flow at 300ml/min and dialysate fluid flow at 500ml/ min. Eleven patients were dialysate with high flux membrane, four with medium flux membrane. Symptoms at time of the endocrine check were: severe hypoglycemia in 3 cases, chronic hypotension in 7cases, severe weakness in 8 cases.The mean hormones levels and intervals are summarized in figure1.We noticed peripheric hypothyroidism in 3 patients, moderate hyperprolactinemia in 7 cases, hypergonatrophic hypogonadism in3 cases and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in 2 cases.One patient presents an anterior pituitary deficiency with three axes affected (hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, central adrenal deficiency and central hypothyroidism). All abnormalities found were treated with replacement hormonal therapy. We noticed an improvement in the initial symptomatology in all cases. Conclusions: As kidney function declines, sexual hormones, the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, and the thyroid frequently function aberrantly. The pathogenesis of those disorders is multifactorial, with extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Their screening in hemodialysis patients must be early because of the added risk of many complications' occurrence. Their management requires multidisciplinary approach.

The negative effects of leishmanicidal medications are numerous, and drug resistance to all of them has been observed. As a result, new medication development and the identification of novel therapeutic targets are critical. Leishmania major trypanothione reductase (Lm-TR), a NADPH-dependent flavoprotein oxidoreductase critical for thiol metabolism, is required for parasite viability.  Since it lowers trypanothione, a chemical required by Leishmania's tryparedoxin/tryparedoxin peroxidase system to neutralise hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by host macrophages during infection, this enzyme is essential for parasite survival in the host. Because it is not found in the mammalian host, this enzyme is a promising target for novel anti-leishmania medicines. A three-dimensional model of Lm-TR was created using I-TASSER server. Virtual screening of about 5000 sigma aldrich compounds, acquired from the ZINC database, was carried out using Autodock vina tool. Top ten compounds were tabulated based on binding affinity.  The molecules with the ids ZINC04245710 and ZINC03869768 had the highest binding affinities of -11.4 and -11.2 kcal/mol, respectively. These compounds had the maximum binding affinity and the appropriate amount of hydrogen bonds. These molecules may be able to efficiently block the activity of the target enzyme (Lm-TR) and so serve as novel agents to combat cutaneous leishmaniasis. In search for new anti-Leishmania medications that are more effective and less cytotoxic, these molecules may provide a good starting point for a hit-to-lead procedure.