No abstract

This research is concerned with the calculation and application of the design hour factor, also known as the K factor, for bicycle traffic. Two variations of the K factor were developed. The first variation was referred to as Kp/d and was calculated as the ratio between the peak hour volume and the total daily volume. The second variation was referred to as Kp/AADB and was computed as the ratio of the daily peak hour volume to the annual average daily bicycle volume (AADB). An application was presented on how to use the developed K factors to calculate the AADB, and the estimation accuracy of using the two variations of the K factor was assessed. Five groups of the K factors were calculated according to different criteria. The results showed that the Kp/d factors classified by groups of similar links, weekdays and weekends, and year led to the best results where the average estimation error of the daily bicycle volume was about 16.6%. Furthermore, the use of the best set of K p/d factors along with daily and monthly adjustment factors for the estimation of the AADB value led to an average estimation error of 28.3%. Conversely, the set of Kp/AADB factors classified by weekdays and weekends, month, and year led to the lowest estimation error with an average of 28.9%. The paper provides insights on the selection of data collection days and months, which could improve the design of data collection programs of bicycle traffic.

No abstract

The boom in telecommunications is expected to have many impacts on peoples' activities and travel behavior. Recent advances in information and communication technologies (ICTs) make it possible to conduct activities virtually. Thus the need for physical travel for some types of activities is obviated. Accordingly, the use of ICT may contribute to reducing urban congestion and alleviating air quality problems. However, ICT may generate significant additional travel because of the increased connectivity and access to resources. Empirical insights on how the growing use of ICT affects travel patterns and vice versa have important application in planning, travel demand forecasting, and environmental analysis. The effects of ICT on household members' daily activity–travel patterns were studied in Cairo, Egypt, by using an activity and telecommunication diary survey. Structural equation models were developed to determine the relationship between ICT use, virtual participation in in-home activity, physical participation in in-home and out-of-home activity, and observed travel dimensions. The information analyzed included personal and household sociodemographics, ICT use, and effect of vehicle availability on activity patterns among household members. Virtual participation in in-home activity had both substitution and complementary impacts on out-of-home activity and travel patterns. The results have important implications for activity–travel demand estimation and forecasting, given the growing adoption of ICT among various segments of the population.

No abstract