A total of 168 laying hens and 21 cocks of Matrouh local strain at 24 weeks of age (At 43.93 % egg production)was used in a completely randomized design among seven treatment groups with three replicates per treatment group (8 hens and 1 cock per replicate).Birds are biweekly injected, up to 36 weeks of age (12 weeks). The 1 st treatment group of birds were injected with saline solution 0.9% only and served as control, The birds in 2 nd and 3 rd treatment groups, were injected subcutaneously with 100 and 200 μg Gibberellic acid (GA3)/kg body weight (BW), respectively. The 4 th and 5 th treatment groups were injected with50 and 100 μg Royal Jelly (RJ)/kg BW, respectively. The 6 th treatment group was injected subcutaneously with 50μg GA3 plus25μg RJ/kg BW. The 7 th treatment group was injected subcutaneously with 100 μg GA3 plus 50μg RJ/kg BW. The same 7 treatment groups were used also, on 21 cocks in individual batteries to take semen quality. The obtained results revealed that, Injection with 100 , 200 μg GA3 or50 , 100 μg RJ /kg BW of Matrouh chicks improved significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01) body weight changes (BWC),fertility eggs %, hatchability/total eggs % and chicks hatch weight (g), sperm-cell concentration (X 10 9 /ml) and sperm motility (%), while significantly (P<0.05) decreased each of dead spermatozoa (%), sperm abnormalities (%), and acrosomal damage (%) as compared with the control group. Layers injected by 100 , 200 μgGA3/kg body weight showed significantly (P≤0. 05 and P≤0. 01) improved feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg production (EP)% and egg mass (EM) compared with those the groups 170 EZZAT et al. 50 , 100 μg RJ /kg BW and control groups through the whole of the experimental period. Injection with 50, 100 μg of RJ /kg BW caused to increase significantly (P≤0. 01) in IgG and IgM and primary and secondary antibody titer against sheep red blood cells (SRBC's) in hens as compared with100, 200 μg of GA3and the control group. Injection 100 , 200 μg of GA3 /kg BW caused to increase significantly (P≤0. 05 and P≤0. 01) in concentration of estrogen in hens and testosterone of cocks, FSH and LH in hens and cocks when compared with those in control group. In conclusion, injection with 100, 200 μg GA3 /kg BW improved productive, reproductive and physiological performance of males and females Matrouh. Furthermore, the RJ-treated groups had significantly improved immune responses in hens and the quality of semen parameters in cocks under summer season conditions in Egypt.

This experiment was designed to investigate and compare the egg production, fertility, hatchability and immune responses of some local developed Egyptian chicken strains under high ambient temperatures. A total of 108 (26 weeks old) laying hens of Matrouh, Silver Montazah, Mandarah and Inshas (9 hens × 3 replicates × 4 strains) were used to evaluate the impact of thermal stress (24‐34ºC) during summer season (June, July and August) on egg production, fertility, hatchability and immune responses. The obtained results revealed that final body weight (FBW/g) and body weight change (BWC/g) among different chicken strains were not affected. The daily feed consumption (FC/g) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) for Silver Montazah and Inshas strains were significantly (p ≤ .05) higher than those of Matrouh and Mandarah strains. The mean egg production (EP/%) and egg mass (EM) for Silver Montazah and Inshas strains were significantly (p ≤ .05) higher than those of Matrouh and Mandarah strains. The highest percentages of hatchability of total eggs (HTE) and fertile eggs (HFE) were recorded in Inshas chickens, while the lowest value was recorded in Mandarah chickens. Also, the highest embryonic mortalities (p ≤ .05) and lowest chick weight at hatch (CWH/g) were recorded in Mandarah chickens compared with the other strains. The highest values for antibody titres against phytohemagglutinin‐P (PHA‐P) were recorded in Mandarah chickens, while the least values were recorded in Inshas chickens.

Phosphates are vital nonrenewable resources. The treatment of phosphate ore wastes of El-Nasr Mining Company, Sepaeya, Egypt aims to upgrade P 2 O 5 percent, adds a new economic value, development of the Egyptian national income, and aids to clean the mine district. The main aim of this paper is to compare different processing alternatives methods to concentrate and upgrade of phosphate ore tailings assayed 18.37% of El-Nasr Mining Company, Sepaeya, Egypt. The concentration of wastes not only add an economic value but also safe the human, animals, and plants. Two options of sizes obtained from grinding and sieving were separated to obtain the highest grade of P 2 O 5 with the greatest recovery. The first option (i.e. sizes below 100 µm) gave P 2 O 5 percent of 23.88%, P 2 O 5 recovery of 42.37%, and weight recovery equals to 33.68%. The second option (i.e. sizes below 160 µm) gave P 2 O 5 percent of 22.52%, P 2 O 5 recovery of 53.25%, and weight recovery equals to 44.88%. The calcination process raised P 2 O 5 to 22.4 with weight recovery 83.75%, and P 2 O 5 recovery of 99.10%. Leaching process using acetic acid gave the best results at the following conditions: a)solid to liquid ratio 15% where the percent of P 2 O 5 raised from 18% to 22.23% with weight recovery about 86%, b) Agitation time 15 minutes where the percent of P 2 O 5 raised from 18% to 22.35% with weight recovery about 86%, c) Agitation speed 1200 rpm where the percent of P 2 O 5 increased from 18% to 22.23% with weight recovery about 86%, d) Acid to ore ratio 16.7% where the percent of P 2 O 5 increased from 18% to 21.44% with weight recovery about 88.7%. The leaching process on size -100 µm raised P 2 O 5 % from 23.88% to 28.44% with weight recovery 84%. The weight recovery and P 2 O 5 recovery with respect to the original feed were 28.29% and 42.39%, respectively.

odent survey and damage of wheat tillers were done, at different growing stages, in three locations within Sohag Governorate, Egypt. The Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus, was the common species with 434 individuals, followed by Rattus rattus, with showing 348 individuals, while the Arvicunthus niloticus was 138 individuals. Maximum damage was recorded at wheat maturity stage. Three formulations of zinc phosphide 0.5% (A-zinc phosphide, B-zinc phosphide mixed with peanut butter and C-zinc phosphide mixed with egg) were applied simultaneously to three growth stages of wheat crop in order to break bait shyness to zinc phosphide and use it several times. The three formulas (A, B and C) caused average rodent population reduction of 73.6 %, 76.36 % and 86.21 %, respectively. Results concluded that zinc phosphide mixed with egg has more potential in enhancing bait acceptance, followed by zinc phosphide mixed with peanut butter. Both baits could be included in rodent control programs.

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