Experiments were carried out in Damazin Research Station during summer 2016 and 2017 to determine the effect of intra-row spacing on two eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivars growth and yield. The treatments used are three intra-row spacing viz. 30, 40 and 50 cm with two cultivars (Wizo and black beauty), the experiments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The data collected including growth and yield parameters was analyzed using the GenStat statistical package. Results show that that Wizo cultivar recorded the best statements than black beauty cultivar. The wide spacing (50 cm and 40) intra-row spacing recorded the highest number of leaves/plant, number of fruits/plant and fruit length (cm). The 30 and 40 cm intra-row spacing and Wizo gave the greatest yield (tons/ha) in two seasons. The study advised to use Wizo cultivar and 40 cm intra row-spacing is appropriate to cultivate eggplant in Blue Nile State Sudan.

The rodenticidal effect of ethanolic leaves extract of Oshar, Calotrips procera (Ait.) was studied comparatively with zinc phosphide under laboratory and field conditions at (Qaha region) Qaluobia Governorate against the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout). Results showed that zinc phosphide was more toxic than Oshar extract whereas the acute oral LD 50 values were 0.27 and 88.0 mg/kg b.w., respectively. The efficiency test showed that in non-choice and free-choice feeding test a bait containing 1 % either zinc phosphide or Oshar plant extract gave 100 % mortality with short time to death for zinc phosphide treatment. Oshar bait was more palatable to mice than zinc phosphide with 56.2 and 40.6 % bait acceptance, respectively. Under the field condition, zinc phosphide caused 78.4 5 % reduction whereas Oshar plant extract reduced 66.5 % the population of the Norway rat, respectively.

The infestation of maize grains with the harmful acarid mite, T. putrescentiae at the laboratory was conducted after 3, 6 and 9 months. The number of normal, abnormal and analyzed maize grains was conducted. The infestation of maize grains with the harmful acarid mite, T. putrescentiae at the laboratory was conducted after 3, 6 and 9 months. The numbers of normal, abnormal and analyzed maize grains were conducted for 50 grains. Generally, it was noticed that the number of normal maize grains increased with decreasing the number of mites infested to grains and also with decreasing the time of infestation, while the number of abnormal maize grains increased with increasing the number of infestation mites and also with increasing the time of exposure to mites.

The ectoparasites arthropods of rodent infesting animals and human have gained much attention in Egypt. The most important rodents in Egypt are Roof rate, Rattus rattus and Norway rate, Rattus norvegicus. Parasitological survey of these rodent species in El-Menofia Governorate (different regions) during summer season, 2016 was infested with various species from arthropods such as 6 mite species, 2 tick species and one lice species. The collected mites were Dermanyssus sanguineus (Dermanyssidae), Orithonysus bacoti (Macronyssidae), Haemolaelaps glasgowi, Laelaps nuttalli (Laelapidae); Radfordia sp. and Myobia sp. (Myobiidae). In this study, the ectoparasitic ticks were represented by two species i.e. Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Hyalomma dromedarrii (Ixodidae). On the other hand, the ectoparasitic lice on R. rattus and R. norvegicus at El-Menofia Governorate were represented by one species, Polyplax spinulosa (Polyplacidae). The present study showed that the lowest number of trapped rats was 15 rats at El-Bagour district with 71 parasitic mites, 61 lice individuals and 25 tick members but the highest number of trapped rats was recorded at Menouf region (51 rates) infested with 262 different mite numbers, 23 lices and 40 tick individuals. The lowest number of parasitic mites was 69 members at Ashmoun district and the highest lice number was found at Ashmoun (943 lices) but the lowest number was recorded at Menouf (23 lices), while El-Bagour region included the lowest number of ticks (15 individuals) and the highest number was found in Quiesna (125 individuals). The current study indicated that Ashmoun district had the highest number of collected rat ectoparasites (1028 individuals), but the lowest region was El-Bagour, as, it included 147 ectoparasites individuals (mites, lice and ticks).

odent survey and damage of wheat tillers were done, at different growing stages, in three locations within Sohag Governorate, Egypt. The Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus, was the common species with 434 individuals, followed by Rattus rattus, with showing 348 individuals, while the Arvicunthus niloticus was 138 individuals. Maximum damage was recorded at wheat maturity stage. Three formulations of zinc phosphide 0.5% (A-zinc phosphide, B-zinc phosphide mixed with peanut butter and C-zinc phosphide mixed with egg) were applied simultaneously to three growth stages of wheat crop in order to break bait shyness to zinc phosphide and use it several times. The three formulas (A, B and C) caused average rodent population reduction of 73.6 %, 76.36 % and 86.21 %, respectively. Results concluded that zinc phosphide mixed with egg has more potential in enhancing bait acceptance, followed by zinc phosphide mixed with peanut butter. Both baits could be included in rodent control programs.