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Objectives To evaluate the effect of a single-dose local administration versus the systemic administration of Erythropoietin on bone healing in calvarial bone defectsMaterial & Methods Critical-size cranial osteotomy defects were created in 30 rabbits. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups (n= 10 animals in each group). In the Group I, the bone defect was only filled with a collagen sponge soaked with erythropoietin. In the Group II, it was filled with a collagen sponge and erythropoietin injected systemically. While in the Group III, the defect was filled with a collagen sponge. The groups were further split in two for euthanasia 10-and 21-days post-surgery. New bone formation and neovascularization were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin. For the 10-days samples, all the groups analyzed for area percent of blood vessels while on the 21-day samples, the area of new bone formation was calculated. Differences between groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.Results At 10 days post-surgery, the histological analysis showed that the erythropoietin Groups exhibited a significantly higher percentage of bone formation compared with the other Group. At 21 days post-surgery, a higher percentage of new bone was observed in the erythropoietin group. ConclusionsThe results suggest that both local and systemic administration of erythropoietin hormone encouraged the bone healing in critical-size calvarial defects in Rabbits.

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic, inflammatory, immune mediated disease affecting the oral cavity. It is the oral variant of the mucocutaneous disease lichen Planus. OLP affects 1-2% of the adult population, with female predilection almost twice the male. It has six different clinical forms, reticular, plaque, papular, bullous, erosive/ulcerative, and atrophic. These are either seen together or independently. The bilateral presentation and presence of Wickham's stria are the classical presentation of the disease. It's characterized by remission and exacer

Among the effective cancer treatment modalities are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy 2. Decreased toxicity, increased effectiveness, and low cost of the herbal medicine offer better treatment modalities 3. Naturally occurring substances can modify apoptosis signaling pathways which plays an important role in the eradication of cancer cells 4,5 .

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