The environmental impact of using large electrical generators in the University of Technology in Iraq is studied. These generators are utilised due to the lack of electricity from the national grid. The emissions are very high and exceed the acceptable limits set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the World Health Organization and Iraqi Standard No. 4950. The impact of switching to the use of photovoltaic cell systems, as what is done in the Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center (ERETC), and the environmental impact of this transformation are also studied. Results show that when the generators are used, high concentrations of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 are released, exposing students and staff to health hazards. The amounts of pollutants from SO2, H2S, NOx and volatile organic compounds are high due to the high sulphur content in Iraqi diesel fuel. Generator noise is extremely high that it could pose serious health risks to university staff and students. Furthermore, using the photovoltaic system considerably reduces PM1.0 and PM2.5 concentrations by 85.6% and 52.4%, respectively. The levels of CO2, CO, H2S and SO2 decrease by 60.5%, 49.6%, 91.7% and 95.3%, respectively. The noise inside ERETC is reduced by 29% compared with that in the external environment. Shifting towards the generation of photovoltaic electricity instead of using fossil fuel generators provides an immediate and appropriate treatment of Iraqi atmospheric pollution.

Landslide often occur in Central Sulawesi province, on 28th of October 2018 an earthquake of 5 to 7.4 on the Richter scale (sr) rocked the city of Palu and along the Palu-Donggala, the epicenter of 27 km Northeast of Donggala and 80 km Northwest of Palu city. The problem was how much the effect of knowledge of disasters and community preparedness influenced the ability to face landslide natural disasters. This study aimed to analyze and test the influence of disaster knowledge and community attitudes towards landslide preparedness by using quantitative methods with an explanatory survey approach. The sample were 99 people from 116,084 people who live in Banawa along with Palu-Donggala and West Palu and Ulujadi Districts, Palu city. The test results used simple regression (t-test) in which there was a positive and significant influence on disaster knowledge and community attitudes towards preparedness. Meanwhile, based on multiple regression testing (F-test), it had a positive effect on disaster knowledge and community attitudes simultaneously and significantly towards landslide preparedness. The value of R square (R2) was 0.797, indicating that knowledge of disasters and community attitudes simultaneously influenced 79.7% of landslide preparedness, the remaining 20.3% was influenced by other variables which were not studied here.

No abstract