Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a frequent source of respiratory distress in newborns that manifests within hours after birth, usually just after delivering. Preterm newborns and, on rare occasions, mature babies are affected with RDS. Numerous studies have established the value of Doppler as a non-invasive means of assessing pulmonary artery pressure in newborns and adults. Furthermore, the pulmonary vasculature grows with the lung during pregnancy, with both the actual number of pulmonary arteries and the pulmonary artery vascular resistance decreasing somewhat. Aim of the work:To see whether fetal pulmonary indices might predict newborn respiratory distress syndrome in patients undergoing elective cesarean section between 38-and 39-weeks' gestation. Patients and methods: This was a cross-sectional prospective research which was carried in al-Hussein hospital from October 2020 till April 2021. This study included 100 pregnant women. Results: The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of different variables of U/S to predict RDs showed that umbilical artery RI and PI had sensitivity 78.0%; 65.0%, specificity 70.0' 70.0 and accuracy 75.0%; 67% respectively. Middle cerebral artery RI and PI to predict RDs had sensitivity 80.0%; 75.0%, specificity 75.0; 70.0 and accuracy 76.0%; 72% respectively. The At/Et ratio showed a sensitivity 95.0%, specificity 90.0 and accuracy was 93.0%. Conclusion:The current investigation found that fetal PA-derived Ultrasonographic characteristics may accurately predict neonatal RDS in term newborns. The RI, PI, PSV, and At/Et ratio are among these metrics.

Background: Labour is a physiologic procedure in which the products of conceptions (i.e. the fetus, umbilical cord, membrane, and placenta) are barred out of the uterus. Aim of the work:To find out if a parameter resulting from U-S examinations (the occiput-spine angle (OSA)) had a correlation with the course and labour outcome. Patients and methods: this was a prospective observational study was conducted, consisted of 120 pregnant women attended to Al Azhar university El-Hussine hospital. Results: the mean of Occiput-spine angle in normal vaginal delivery group was 123.49 (± 5.16 SD) with range (116.00-135.00) while the mean of OSA in caesarian section delivery group was 115.55 (± 6.09 SD) with range (105.00-124.00). A highly significant change was found among the study groups regarding Occiput-spine angle. Conclusion: the prenatal sonographic evaluation of the flexion degree of the embryonic head by the OSA in fetus could be used to predict course and outcome of labor.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is one of the autoimmune disorders. It is thought that the deregulation in the inflammatory markers is due to a problem in the Forkhead box family member (FOXP3) which is involved in the tolerance mechanism. One cannot ignore the role of cytokine-mediated signaling pathways like IL-22. This study was done in Lahore. Pakistan. The main objective of the study was to check the alliance of FoxP3 and IL-22 gene polymorphism in association with SLE. Sixty samples (n = 60) from SLE patients were collected from different hospitals in Lahore. DNA was extracted from EDTA anticoagulated blood of SLE patients. After DNA extraction, IL-22 and FoxP3 genes were polymerized through PCR and further sequenced through the Sanger Sequencing method. The FoxP3 exon 2 and three SNPs in IL-2 i.e. rs2227491, rs2227485, and rs2227513 which were already identified were confirmed by Chromas 2.6. The mutations were checked with the help of Nucleotide Blast. Our observation showed that there are nine mutations in studied genotyped samples. The frequency of mutation was 27.27%. Allele T in rs2227485 and, allele C in rs2227513 and rs2227491 were identified in the study predominantly. These 9 mutations were found in the case of the IL-22 gene. No mutation was observed in Exon 2 of the FoxP3 gene in SLE patients. It is concluded that there may be any association between IL-22 gene polymorphism and SLE but the FoxP3 gene was not tangled in the progression of SLE in the Lahore population.

Background: Small incisions, reduced pain, lower wound rates of infection, faster ambulation, and faster recovery are all benefits of laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy. Nevertheless, there are concerns regarding ovarian reserve in connection to the operative and hemostatic procedures utilized during the procedure. Aim of the work:To see how bipolar electrocoagulation and suture affected ovarian reserve following ovarian cystectomy. Patients and methods: Prospective observational randomized study included a sample of 50 women with ovarian cyst. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: sutures (25 patients) or bipolar electro-coagulation (25 patients). All patients underwent ovarian cystectomy. Results: At three months following surgery, there has been no statistically significant difference in FSH levels between the suture group and the bipolar electro-coagulation group. While the suture group's mean FSH value was statistically lower than the bipolar electro-coagulation group's at 6 months after surgery. At 3 and 6 months after surgery, there has been no statistically significant difference in AMH between the suture group and the bipolar electro-coagulation group. At 3 and 6 months following surgery, there has been no statistically significant difference in antral follicle count (AFC) between the suture group and the bipolar electro-coagulation group. Mean value of AMH was statistically higher at day 3 of menstrual cycle than at 3and 6 months after the surgery among bipolar electro-coagulation group. Conclusion: FSH increased more in the bipolar electro cauterization group 6 months after surgery than in the homeostatic suturing group, possibly indicating more ovarian reserve loss in the former.