<span>We have, an overview is presented of the potential future demands and possible supply of solar energy to Iraq. Solar energy, which is clean, unlimited, and environmentally friendly, is presented as a renewable energy resource. Many problems such as CO₂ emissions, industry, human activities, and electricity distribution grids have attracted much attention because of the current state of crude oil production and its prices. Moreover, estimations of solar radiation levels and of the efficiencies of photovoltaics (PVs), concentrated solar power (CSP), and solar chimney towers, have all been investigated. Those systems that combine various sources of energy are called hybrids and they have received much attention in recent decades. The basic features of solar radiation in Iraq are outlined, and the selection of those sites with potential for development of solar plants is based on the local largest solar radiation. Moreover, longitudinal and latitudinal orientation, wind, solar intensity, dust, temperature, rain, humidity, and pollution factors are all considered in the calculation of PV/CSP efficiencies. We know there is an abundance of fossil fuels in Iraq, energy shortages began in 1991 because of the perturbation caused by the full ruin of the country. The obvious renewable energy resource available in Iraq is the solar energy, and its exploitation would provide a means to reduce CO₂ emissions from the burning of fossil fuels and to achieve self-sufficiency of electric energy and export the rest to neighboring countries. Solar energy is becoming increasingly important because of the climatic change in the form of global warming.</span>

The Analyses for power systems are more necessary for the designing, operating phase execution control and to make sure safe network operations by sufficient protection project settings. In this article, we have prepared a sufficient scientific survey about the electrical model of a 340 MW integrated solar combined cycle system (ISCCS) located in the Iraqi southern, is developed and simulation by a program called Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) and carry out throw this program the load flow, voltage stability and short circuit analyses for this power plant with part of the national grid in Al-Basra city in an industrial region. The effect of voltage instability for the grid on system buses (load buses) of the power system is estimated. By using load flow analysis as a case study by using the Newton-Raphson algorithm, when the load buses operating at down voltage because of instability voltage of the power grid are specified and their voltages are should to improved according to given voltage limitations that are depended on buses criticality with regard to loads. The appliance on-load tap changers of the transformer and reactive power compensation are used to improve steady-state voltage stability for any instability system. The method of the optimal position for capacitor banks placement is meaning the number of capacitor banks is proposed to adding to the weak buses by using the optimal capacitor placement module of ETAP. Energy is actually required for the expansion of our country. To sustain the generation of electric power at an adequate level power system supplies power to different types of loads that are located far away from the generating plants using transmission lines.

Iraq has a big shortage in the electrical system and this is because of repeated wars that have destroyed the country’s economy and infrastructure. In order to improve the situation and progress of the country we see that the exploitation of huge and neglected land, where Iraq has a very featured site can make it a factory for the production of electric power through the exploitation of the vast areas as fields of cells and solar plants to produce electricity. Iraq is characterized by the number of sunny hours during the year and estimated more than 3300 hours. Also, the solar radiation in Iraq, which exceeds 2000 kWh/m2. Where the production of electricity enough to meet the needs of Iraq and neighboring countries. In this paper we will discuss the development of gas station in southern Iraq by taking advantage of the sun’s rays falling and recycling of combustion products from the gas station. The plant consists of 200MW conventional gas turbine plant and two steam turbines of 75MW and 65MW powered by the solar field and gas turbine exhaust. With high insolation during the summer month of June the plant can achieve up to 25% of solar fraction with Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) plant.

At high ambient temperatures, the performance of gas turbine power plants drops significantly. Technical solutions of compensation for losses associated with the constant injection of water into the air intake of a gas turbine. This approach is not acceptable in regions with limited fresh water reserves. Radical solutions are required to reduce the cost of generated energy. Integrated Combined Solar Cycle (ISCCS) technology has proven itself on many projects. The addition of a combined cycle gas cycle with solar energy can significantly increase the overall efficiency of the power plant. Despite the increase in costs during the construction of its solar part, the total cost of operating solar collectors is several times less than a turbine installation. Given the global trend to fight carbon emissions, switching to a hybrid scheme is economically attractive. Trading in carbon credits for CO2 emissions will significantly reduce the payback period for the construction of gas turbine modernization under the ISCCS scheme. This paper presents an option to modernize a gas turbine power plant in the city of Basra (Iraq), using the advantages of solar radiation and recycling of combustion products from gas turbines. It is proposed to equip the existing 200 MW gas turbine plant with two steam turbine units with a capacity of 75 and 65 MW, working in conjunction with solar collectors producing low pressure water vapor. Due to modernization, the efficiency of the power plant should increase from 38% to 55%. The revision of the schematic and technical solutions of Iraq power plants will allow producing sufficient energy for the region.

No abstract