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Changes in functional and sensory properties of tarhana prepared by different drying methods were investigated. While tunnel-dried (TD) tarhana had significantly (P < 0.05) higher foaming capacity compared to freeze-dried (FD), home-microwave-oven-dried (HMD) and industrial-microwave-dried (IMD) samples, the FD tarhana showed the highest protein solubility. All tarhana samples exhibited pseudoplastic behavior described by power-law model. The drying methods used appeared to influence water and oil absorption capacities and emulsifying activity of tarhana. Microwave-dried tarhana exhibited higher overall sensory rating and color acceptability.

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The dehydration reaction kinetics of tincal and borax decahydrate was investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Various methods were used to analyze the TG and DTA data for determination of reaction kinetics. The activation energy, frequency factor, and order of reaction were calculated for both materials. The results obtained from different methods were generally in good agreement. The results of tincal and borax were also compatible.

The dissolution kinetics of ulexite in ammonium sulfate solutions was investigated. The effects of ammonium sulfate concentration, particle size, solid/liquid ratio, stirring speed, and reaction temperature on the dissolution rate have been evaluated. It was found that the dissolution rate increased with increasing ammonium sulfate concentration, stirring speed, and reaction temperature. However, increasing the particle size and solid/liquid ratio decreased the dissolution rate. Experimental data were examined by the heterogeneous and homogeneous models. The heterogeneous diffusion-controlled ash or product layer may describe the dissolution rate. The following mathematical model was used to represent the reaction kinetics: 1 -3(1 -X) 2/3 + 2(1 -X) ) 3.9 × 10 7 C 0.64 D -0.85 (S/L) -1.06 ω 0.40 e -10050/T t, where X is the fractional conversion, C the ammonium sulfate concentration, D the particle size, S/L the solid-to-liquid ratio, ω the stirring speed, T the reaction temperature, and t the reaction time.