comprehension questions have been analyzed with Day and Park (2005) taxonomy in which there are six categories in comprehension process (literal, reorganization, inference, prediction, evaluation, and personal response). In addition, questions have been evaluated in terms of the answer source used in comprehension process (intratextual extratextual or intertextual), question types (written essay exam or multiple choice) and text types preferred (narrative, informative or poetry). According to the findings of the research, it is observed that text based comprehension questions in essay exams for Turkish course include extensively literal comprehension according to comprehension level taxonomy developed by Day and Park (2005). Very few questions are at the levels of reorganization and personal response and there is no question at evaluation and prediction levels. Another finding obtained with this study shows that a large portion includes questions whose answers are directly located within texts according to Akyol's classification (1997) in terms of answer sources. In other words, these questions are those which can be answered just by recalling and making very little cognitive effort. Additionally, narrative texts are used to a large extent in text comprehension questions, and short answer questions are preferred.
ÖZ:Bu araştırmanın amacı ilkokul üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıf öğretmenlerinin yazma öğretimi uygulamaları ve algılarını incelemektir. Öğretmenlerin yazma öğretimine ayırdıkları süreler, yazma öğretimine hazırlıkları, verdikleri yazma tür ve görevleri, kanıta dayalı yazma uygulamaları, yazma öğretimine yönelik inançları ve tutumları ile yazma öğretimine yönelik görüşleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma karma yöntem yaklaşımına dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kayseri merkez ilçelerdeki 20 ilkokulda görev yapmakta olan toplam 303 sınıf öğretmeni ile çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak genel bilgi formu, yazma tür ve görevleri anketi, kanıta dayalı yazma uygulamaları anketi, yazma öğretimi öz yeterliği ölçeği, yazma tutumları ölçeği ve yazma öğretimi görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre öğretmenlerin çoğunluğu yazma öğretimi için kişisel hazırlıklarını yeterli, yaklaşık yarısı üniversitedeki yazma eğitimlerini yetersiz ve zayıf, yarısından fazlası da hizmet içi eğitim ve kursları yetersiz ve zayıf bulmaktadır. Öğretmenler öğrencilerin günde ortalama 23 dakika yazı yazdıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Ayrıca öğrenciler uzun süreli ve çok paragraflı yazma çalışmalarına daha az katılmaktadırlar. Öğretmenler süreç temelli yazma uygulamaları ve yazma stratejilerinin öğretimine daha az yer vermektedirler. Son olarak, öğretmenlerin yazma tutumları ve öz yeterlikleri kanıta dayalı yazma uygulamalarına anlamlı bir katkıda bulunmuştur.Anahtar sözcükler: yazma öğretimi, ilkokul öğrencileri, yazma türleri, kanıta dayalı yazma ve yazma öğretimi öz yeterliği. ABSTRACT:The purpose of current study is to examine third and fourth-grade teachers' practices of the teaching of writing and perceptions about writing. Primary school teachers' views about time devoted to student writing and the teaching of writing, their preparation to teach writing, writing activities assigned to students, their use of evidence based writing practices, their effectiveness in teaching writing and their attitudes about writing were examined. The study was conducted with 303 classroom teachers from 20 primary schools in Kayseri province. As a data collection tools, general information form, writing assignments survey, evidence-based writing practices survey, teacher self-efficacy and attitudes scales, and writing instruction interview form were used. The findings have indicated that the majority of teachers thinks that their personal preparation for the teaching of writing is adequate, nearly half of teachers think that writing education they receive at university is poor and inadequate, and more than half of teacher think that in-service training and courses are poor and inadequate. They have reported that students spent an average of 23 minutes on writing. Furthermore, students have participated less in long and meaningful writing activities and teachers have included less the practices of process-based writing and the teaching of writing strategies. Finally, writing attitude and the teaching of writing self-efficacy have contribut...
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