This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted to observe the quality of Pharmacology professional written question papers of Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), University of Chittagong (CU), University of Dhaka (DU), Rajshahi University (RU) and Shahjalal University of Science & Technology (SUST).For this purpose total 82 SAQ papers of five universities dated from January 2007 to July 2015 were reviewed. Question papers were reviewed to find out the coverage of recall, understanding and problem solving type questions, content coverage and presence of marking scheme in SAQ papers.Mean percentage of recall, understanding and problem questions were 54.3%, 44% and 01.7% respectively in SAQ papers. Mean of the recall questions of SUST statistically significantly differed from curriculum standard 60%. Other universities had no significant differences with the standard. Mean of the understanding questions of all the universities statistically significantly differed from curriculum standard 30% except BUP. There was statistically significant difference between mean of the problem solving questions of all the universities and curriculum standard 10% .Most of the SAQ papers (62%) were without problem based questions. No question paper was found having different types question as per curriculum standard.Total 15(18.3%) SAQ papers contained 100 % topics (all the 11 groups). Thirty nine (47.6) contained 10 groups and 22% contained 9 groups out of 11. Twelve percent SAQ papers contained less 80% topics Total 29 (35.4%) SAQ papers of all the universities showed marking scheme on the questions papers, rest 64.6% were devoid of it. Maximum 87.5% SAQ papers of RU had marking scheme.Findings of this study may be used to redefine the distribution of different types question in SAQ papers and to improve the quality of question papers by ensuring their coverage.

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With some examples of advertisements we have print ads, radio and television commercials, infomercials, advertorials, and billboards and kiosks-both of which may be stagnant or interactive. All these communication means are very expensive for corporates. When a company faces a crisis, advertising is usually the first item that is cut from budgets in order to face that economic crisis. However we have to recognize the fact that advertising is the most accurate instrument in terms of carrying, evaluating a product. In this context and with the help of technology nowadays the product is presented in an aspect that stimulate and can only arouse the interest and attention of the audience to which it is addressed. The aim of this articles, is to highlight the impact of advertising on consumer choice with like case study, "LULU Hypermarket, The Avenue and Muscat Grand Mall" established in Al Ghubra, near to the area of Al khuwair and Bausher. SPSS was used to analysis the data, correlation analysis was used to know the relationship between LULU Hyper Market, Muscat Grand Mall and The Avenue's advertisement and consumer exposure towards purchasing behavior. The result shows that there is a positive relationship between them and it is statistically significant.

Multiple choice questions (MCQs) have considerable role in the preclinical medical assessment, both formative as well as summative. This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted to observe the quality of MC items (completion type) of anatomy, biochemistry and physiology used in preclinical undergraduate medical examinations of 2012 and 2013 of a public university of Bangladesh. Each MC item had a stem and 5 options, and 1200 options were analyzed for difficulty and discrimination indices. Total 556 options were false statements (distracters) and were analyzed to observe their effectiveness as distracter. The study revealed that 18.67% of options were with appropriate difficulty (0.660.80). Highest frequency (43.5%) of difficulty indices was in easy class interval (0.911). Over all frequencies of items of three subjects in the ascending order were difficult, appropriate, marginal and easy as per their difficulty indices. Satisfactory or better discrimination indices (=0.20) were observed in 29.33% options. The mean difficulty and discrimination indices observed were respectively 0.82±0.18 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81 to 0.83) and 0.13±0.14 (95% CI 0.122 to 0.138). Out of the options, 6.75% had negative discrimination indices. Items with difficulty index around 0.60 had maximum discriminatory power (up to 0.68) and more difficult as well as easy items had less discriminatory ability. Out of the distracters 83.45% were observed effective and the mean effectiveness was 22.3±18.7% (95% CI 20.75% to 23.85%). The study recommended using the method and findings to improve the quality of the items leading to development of a standard Question Bank.

Medical curricula are considered as toughest of all curricula of undergraduate professionals. Student faces many stress provoking factors in the academic course. In time identification and adoption of coping strategy can ensure proper achievement of goal of the curriculum. The objective of this prospective study was to find out the nature and intensity of stressors perceived by the mid level medical students (phase II & III) before their summative examination. Regularly passed students of phase II and III undergraduate students of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh were included in the study and the responses were collected in the first week of April 2018 (3 weeks prior to beginning of summative examination). Validated structured set of questionnaire (Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire -MSSQ) was selected for the study and was distributed to the volunteers of target population only. Falling behind in reading schedule, getting poor marks, facing illness or death of the patients and too much restriction in campus were identified as high intensity stressors by the phase II students. On the other hand high workload, not enough scope of medical skill practice, facing illness or death of the patients and too much restriction in campus were identified as high intensity stressors by the phase III students. Intensity of stressors was significantly higher in phase II students than phase III (p=0.000). This study focused the present status of an area. Identification and incorporation of strategies to improve the teaching, learning, evaluation and educational environment are required to help the students to develop stress coping skills in early medical career in order to reduce negative effects of stressors on the future doctors.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.9(2) 2018: 3-10