Assessment of skeletal maturity is paramount for orthodontists since optimal use and effectiveness of orthodontic and orthopedic appliances depends on it. Objective: To compare the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) with Fishman’s hand wrist radiograph (HWR) method in assessment of growth status. Methods: This comparative cross sectional study was conducted at the Orthodontics department at the Khyber College of dentistry, Peshawar on 100 participants. The patients with 9 to 15 years of age, relatively well aligned arches, both genders, mild to moderate skeletal discrepancy, minimal dental compensations, vertical normal angle, and without temporomandibular joint disorders were included. Along with age and gender, stages of HWR and CVM were recorded.  HWRs were acquired by standardized method and lateral cephalograms were taken in natural head position.  The staging of HWR was done by using Fishman method while CVM staging. Comparison of CVM stages and Fishmann’s HWR stages were done using chi-square test. Results: The mean age was 11.79 ± 1.62 years.   The females were 53(53%) and males were 47(47%). Most common stage of CVM was III (n=33, 33%) followed by IV (n=27, 27%). Similarly, common stage of hand wrist radiograph was III (n=32, 32%) followed by IV (n=28, 28%).There was no statistically significant different between two methods for assessing skeletal growth status (p=0.697). Conclusions: Cervical vertebral maturation can have used as an alternative to hand wrist radiograph for growth assessment without an extra radiation

Objectives: The determine the frequency of how common white spot lesions in orthodontic patients .Materials and Methods: A total of 147 patients who visited the Orthodontics department at Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar were included in the study. Intraoral pictures were acquired using a DSLR camera before and after therapy (6 months after fi xed device insertion) (D600). The development of white spot lesions was evaluated between pre and post-therapy photos. SPSS version 20.0 was used to analyze the data.Results: Eight four were female (57.1%) and sixty-three were males (42.9%). The mean age was 21.45±4.87 years. The overall frequency of WSL in pre-treatment patients was in four patients (2.7%) only. Out of total 147 patients, 68 (46.3%) patients had WSL while 79(53.7%) were WSL free at mid-treatment time. The frequency of WSL in pre-treatment and mid-treatment was statistically signifi cant having p-value of 0.04. The frequency of WSL stratifi ed by gender showed that females had more WSL than males. The frequency of WSL stratifi ed by age showed that maximum number of cases those had WSL were from 13 to 15 years of age, followed by 26 to 30 years. The stratification for frequency of WSL by age was not statistically signifi cant having p-value of 0.602. Conclusion: During the fi rst six months of treatment, the number of WSLs increased dramatically in this clinical investigation. During the fi rst few months of treatment, clinicians should assess patients' dental hygiene and must take further precautions to prevent the occurrence of WSL.

Background: Research has shown that cranial base length, flexure and inclination play a role in the skeletal malocclusion in sagittal and vertical dimensions. The objectives of this study were to compare the two cranial base lengths and four angles among three sagittal skeletal bases in adult population of district Peshawar, Pakistan. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar, Pakistan from February 2020 to March, 2020. Ninety lateral cephalograms were selected for the year 2019 from the database of department, with 30 from each group; Skeletal Class I, II and III. SN length (mm), SBa length (mm), N-S-Ba, N-S-Ar, SN-FH and SBa-FH were our ratio variables and were described by mean, range and SD with 95% CI for mean. Twelve hypotheses were tested each by one-way ANOVA and when it showed significant difference, then by post hoc Dunnett’s t test. Results: Results: The sample included 90 cephalograms; 30 each in Class I, II and III, including 38 men and 52 women with mean age 22.54±5.70 years. SN length (mm) was similar in Class II 68.1±2.15 and Class III 68.7±2.01 to Class I (control) 68.4±1.56 (p=.487). SBa length was similar in Class II 45.5±2.48 and Class III 44.9±2.23 to Class I 44.6±1.76 (p=.281). N-S-Ba angle was similar in Class II 126.7o±2.26 and Class III 127.3o±2.70 to Class I 127.1o±2.22 (p=.614). N-S-Ar angle was significantly greater (p<.0001) in Class II 128.2o±2.45 than Class I 123.3o±1.97, and significantly greater (p=.030) in Class III 124.6o±1.70 than Class I. SN-FH angle was similar (p=.193) in Class II 7.9o±1.32 to Class I 7.4o±1.40 and similar (p=.356) in Class III 7.0o±0.94 to Class I. SBa-FH angle was similar in Class II 57.3o±2.19 and Class III 56.8o±1.45 to Class I 56.1o±1.90 (p=.058). Conclusions: Anterior cranial base length (SN length), posterior cranial base length (SBa length), N-S-Ba angle, SN-FH angle and SBa-FH angle were similar in Skeletal Class II to Class I and in Class III to Class I. N-S-Ar angle was greater in Skeletal Class II than Class I and in Class III than Class 1.

Abstract Objective: To determine the motives and attitude of newly admitted first year dental students towards dentistry as a profession at Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar Material and methods: A cross-sectional study with questionnaire consisting of 12 questions regarding decision making for choosing dentistry as a profession, motives and attitude were given to newly admitted 50 students of first year at Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar. The study was done at the start of session 2020-2021. The data collected was statistically analyzed using Microsoft word 2016 and IBM SPSS Statistics Version 22.0 Results: Most of the students were internally motivated for selecting dentistry as a profession, 60% of the students didn’t have any relatives in dentistry, 30% thought that it is an honorable profession, 30% thought that it is a financially good profession and 35% selected dentistry because of independent practice Conclusion: Independent practice, financially good profession, honor in the society were the main factors in the selection of dentistry as a profession. It is important to know the reasons behind selecting a profession as it helps train the students accordingly

Abstract;   Objective: To identify the preferences of dental graduates in the field of post-graduate specialty, factors that may influence their decision to select a particular specialty, and the effect of counselling on specialty preferences.   Methods: A pre-counselling and post-counselling questionnaire based study was carried out among final year students and House surgeons of Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar, between May to June 2020. A self-administered questionnaire, inquiring about the preference of specialty program, specialty subject and the reason for the preference, was given to the students. After filling the questionnaire, the participants were given a session on dental career counselling. After the session, they were again asked about their preference for a specialty for their future career. Both results were then compared.   Results: The most prevalent specialty before counselling was Endodontics (36.2%). The second one was Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (21.3%) and then Periodontics (16.3%). After counselling, preference for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery remained the same, however, Endodontics and Periodontics were reduced to 33.8% and 13.8%, respectively. Among post-graduation specialty programs, FCPS was the most prevalent program (77.5%). Conclusion: Endodontics is the most preferred specialty among graduates followed by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. The most preferred program was FCPS. A single counselling session did not change the preference significantly. The reason most likely behind the preference was possession of unique set of skills for the specialty. Key words: Dental graduates preferences, Specialties, Counselling.