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In present competitive and dynamic environment, financial resources are assumed as a life-blood of public organisations as acknowledged by researchers and academicians. But little attention has been paid to how financial resources are managed – what is known as public financial management (PFM). Thus, the aim of this study is to look at different studies on subject “public financial management” that are made up of distinct research perspectives. In this regard, 67 studies were selected in the systematic and bibliometric review from inception to 2021 around the globe. The outcome of this study indicates that the interest in the subject of public financial management has gained significant growth with the passage of time, particularly after 2018. In addition, most of the studies on PFM are qualitative in nature, rather quantitative and mixed method approaches have been ignored in literature. Furthermore, this article reports some potential gaps and possibilities in the body of literature for future research.

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The ineffectiveness of the existing space law treaties has allowed space faring nations to enhance their strategic capability, which has resulted in an increase in militarization and weaponization. Military use of the outer appears to be dominated by power politics, and there are uncertainties surrounding space governance and resources. Neither the established nor the emerging space faring states have actively engaged in arms control negotiations, including "Transparency and Confidence Building Measures (TCBMs)". Inthis article, the argument has been made that during the initial stages of the space race, various spacefaringnations agreed that the environment in outer space should be approached in a different manner; however,issues of military use of space and weaponization were not fully resolved through negations. These issues continue to persist in space law treaties in the form of legal lacuna's. If leftover issues from the Cold War-rivals are not resolved, the militarization of space will continue to increase.

If an attack is ever carried out on an outer space object, it will require the relevant international law to be referenced. This includes the laws concerning international humanitarian law, international space law, and general international law. However, present legal frameworks are insufficient to provide a clear answer to which outer space may be utilized for military purposes. In this context, the advancement of space with dual applications presents a more complex situation for the application of laws. Attacks on the ground-based space systems or strikes on space-based assets are not fully covered by either international law or the IHL. The potential responses of the current legal frameworks to dealing with space weapons and dual-use technology are limited. This paper aims to explore how international law deals with the use of force in space. It focuses on the limited scope of the law dealing with dual-use technologies and space weapons.