The renaissance of research into natural products has unequivocally and paradigmatically shifted our knowledge about the significant role of natural products in cancer chemoprevention. Bufalin is a pharmacologically active molecule isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo gargarizans or Bufo melanostictus. Bufalin has characteristically unique properties to regulate multiple molecular targets and can be used to harness multi-targeted therapeutic regimes against different cancers. There is burgeoning evidence related to functional roles of signaling cascades in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Bufalin has been reported to regulate pleiotropically a myriad of signal transduction cascades in various cancers. Importantly, bufalin mechanistically regulated JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-Catenin, mTOR, TRAIL/TRAIL-R, EGFR, and c-MET pathways. Furthermore, bufalin-mediated modulation of non-coding RNAs in different cancers has also started to gain tremendous momentum. Similarly, bufalin-mediated targeting of tumor microenvironments and tumor macrophages is an area of exciting research and we have only started to scratch the surface of the complicated nature of molecular oncology. Cell culture studies and animal models provide proof-of-concept for the impetus role of bufalin in the inhibition of carcinogenesis and metastasis. Bufalin-related clinical studies are insufficient and interdisciplinary researchers require detailed analysis of the existing knowledge gaps.

Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury has emerged as an intricate mechanism. However, identification of wide-ranging mechanisms which mechanistically regulate reperfusion injuries have significantly improved our understanding. Recent advancements in our knowledge about the molecular consequences of ischemia and reperfusion might be advantageous in the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for the treatment of patients with ischemia and reperfusionassociated organ dysfunction and tissue inflammation. Some of the extensively studied mechanisms of reperfusion injury consist of oxidative stress, mitochondrial mechanisms, infiltration of leukocytes, activation/aggregation of the platelets, complement activation, and disruption of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), which eventually results in the brain oedema or haemorrhagic transformations. In this review, we have attempted to provide a review of the protein networks involved in the regulation of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and how different natural products have shown potential in the amelioration of reperfusion induced injuries.

Background Around the world, CAD is the leading cause of mortality.. The Kazakhstan population has one of the most remarkable risks of IHD in the world. Observational studies on the association between ABO blood types and coronary artery disease risk must be examined. Aim The aim of the research is to find whether there is a link between the ABO blood group and IHD. Methods This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in”JSC hospital” during 2020. The research included patients who were hospitalized with an IHD diagnosis. Data were recorded and analyzed using SPSS 22. Association between blood group and IHD was analyzed using chi-square test and independent T-test for comparison of patients' age in both genders. Results During the one-year study, a total of 649 patients were enrolled. The patients' average age was 64.2 ± 9.238 and the frequency of participants were 232 (35.74%) females and 417 (64.25%) males. The distribution of blood group was as follows: blood group O was 32.2%, A – 31.43%, B – 27.73%, AB – 8.62%. Among these blood groups, blood group O was the common type of blood group (not significant), and AB was the least common. In the study population, there was no considerable variation in the prevalence of blood groups with IHD (p = 0.108). Conclusion In this single hospital-based study, there was no significant connection between ABO blood types and ischemic heart disease (p = 0.77).

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The study is devoted to the influence of disadvantages of the ecological disaster region Aral Sea on the state of the cardiovascular system in children. In 55.2% of cases, autonomic dysfunction was detected, mainly in girls of pre- and puberty age (80.8%). In 39.4% of children in the Aral Sea region hypotension was diagnosed as adaptive in 81.2% and pathological hypotension in 18.8% of cases with the initial vagotonic vegetative status according to cardiointervalography (94.6%). In children with arterial hypotension, there was a decline in the quality of life due to fatigue syndrome, cephalgia, reduced activity and deterioration of cognitive abilities. Cardiac pathology was manifested in 55.2% of cases in the form of impaired automatism of the sinus node (sinus arrhythmia, tachi and bradyarrhythmias) - 54.6%, conduction disorders (incomplete blockade of the right leg of the bundle of His) in 43.3% of cases. The identified pathology shows the need to provide comprehensive medical and social assistance to the children of the Aral Sea, along with solving environmental and economic problems of the region.