Background: One third of global deaths are caused by CVD, and the most common is IHD. Approximately 80% of IHD which is caused by atherosclerosis, with the remainder caused by non-atherosclerotic causes such as VHD, radiation, vasculitis, and other.Aim: To study the prevalence of ACS in Avicenna Balkhi Teaching Hospital. Methods: This is a retrospective cross sectional study, we collected data of 180 ACS patients from 01.01.2019 till 01.06.2019 in Avicenna Balkhi Teaching Hospital; data was evaluated on clinical traits, treatment, and outcome in ACS patients.Results: 180 patients of ACS admitted during the first six months of 2019. From the aforementioned ACS%, 62.7% (113) were STEMI and 37.2% (67) were NSTEMI/UA, with a male to female ratio was 2.64:1. 66.7% of patients had an age of 60 -79 years. The mean time of patients' admission in CCU was15.5h and was higher in NSTEMI/UA than STEMI (18.3 h vs 11.8 h) respectively. Treatment of all ACS patients such as STEMI, NSTEMI, UA was the same in 90% and received antiplatelet, statins, anticoagulants, anxiolytics. 30,4% of STEMI patients received thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase (which is available in Afghanistan), just 10% from 30.4% we saw the effective role of streptokinase. The most common comorbidity diseases include; Hypertension 45.6%, DM 22.2%, Smoking 27.8%, Heart failure 21.7%, COPD 5.6%.Conclusion: Most of the ACS patients were STEMI, which was more male than female. More than 50% of patients had an age of 60-79 years old, the mean time of admission in the CCU room was more than 10, and the most common comorbidities were HTN, smoking, DM and heart failure. Increasing public awareness of heart disease, expanding professional medical staff capacity, and outfitting the cath lab and cardiac surgery ward. Finally, this study will serve as a resource for future research.

Background Around the world, CAD is the leading cause of mortality.. The Kazakhstan population has one of the most remarkable risks of IHD in the world. Observational studies on the association between ABO blood types and coronary artery disease risk must be examined. Aim The aim of the research is to find whether there is a link between the ABO blood group and IHD. Methods This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in”JSC hospital” during 2020. The research included patients who were hospitalized with an IHD diagnosis. Data were recorded and analyzed using SPSS 22. Association between blood group and IHD was analyzed using chi-square test and independent T-test for comparison of patients' age in both genders. Results During the one-year study, a total of 649 patients were enrolled. The patients' average age was 64.2 ± 9.238 and the frequency of participants were 232 (35.74%) females and 417 (64.25%) males. The distribution of blood group was as follows: blood group O was 32.2%, A – 31.43%, B – 27.73%, AB – 8.62%. Among these blood groups, blood group O was the common type of blood group (not significant), and AB was the least common. In the study population, there was no considerable variation in the prevalence of blood groups with IHD (p = 0.108). Conclusion In this single hospital-based study, there was no significant connection between ABO blood types and ischemic heart disease (p = 0.77).

Background Hypertension and obesity are two major modifiable risk factors for CAD, most of the time there will be more than two risk factors in an IHD. Obesity itself cause insulin resistance to initiate type − 2 DM. is the most common and significant RFs for IHD, and proper BP management is the cornerstone of both direct and indirect prevention. Overweight and obesity account for more than 80% of CHD patients. Obesity is sometimes viewed as a "minor" CHD RF, however it is a widely effective risk-factor approach. A range of "major" risk factors have been proven to be significantly influenced by weight loss, including HTN, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance/T2DM. Aim To assess arterial hypertension and obesity as risk factors of IHD. Methods This cross sectional study which was done retrospectively by collecting data from database of "Scientific Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases" Almaty city, Kazakhstan during 2020. IHD confirmed by history,physical exam, angiography and other lab findings. Result The research involved a total of 649 participants. The mean age of study population was 64.2 ± 9.24 (P = 0,000).Mean of SBP and DBP were 180.73 ± 34.9; 99.48 ± 14.28 mmHg respectively. Number of female with normal BMI 50(21.6%), overweight 93(40.10%), obesity class – 1, 59(25.4%), obesity class – 2, 23(9.90%) and obesity class – 3, 7(3%), (P = 0.486). Number of male with underweight BMI 1(0.20%), normal BMI 96(23%), overweight 190(45.6%), obesity class – 1, 89(21.3%), obesity class – 2, 29(7%) and obesity class – 3, 12(2.9%). (P = 0.486). Mean of BMI in both gender was (28.72 ± 11.79). Conclusion The burden of CVDs and their related risk factors is significant in Almaty, posing a major public health concern. For accurate management and implementation of preventive measures in this area, effective strategies in management, education, and healthcare centers are needed.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the world's major cause of death. It presents clinically as myocardial infarction and ischemic cardiomyopathy and is also known as coronary artery disease. To define LVEF percentage in CAD patients. This cross-sectional study was done retrospectively by collecting data from the database of "Scientific Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases" Almaty, Kazakhstan during 2020. IHD was confirmed in clinical, angiographic and other lab findings with TTE used for detection of LVEF. A sequential non-random sampling technique used SPSS for statistical analysis. Conventional echocardiography showed that there were significant differences in LVEF percentage in patients based on age and gender. The number of female and male patients who have preserved LVEF was 66.4% and 54.7% accordingly, 21.6% of females and 22.1% of males had Mid-range LVEF and 12.1% of females and 23.3% of males had decreased LVEF (P-value = 0.001). The mean of LVEF was (55.8% ±11.79). Maximum and minimum of EF were 84%, 12% respectively. We discovered that EF was moderately lower in male patients than in females in the sample. When compared to patients without a history of IHD, those with IHD history showed more significant EF deterioration. IHD patients with low EF appeared to be at high risk of Hypertension and infarction with decreased HDLc.