Purpose: Peri-implantitis is a common complication of dental implants. The first step of treatment is elimination of bacterial biofilm and disinfection of the implant surface. This study sought to compare the effects of an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser, photodynamic therapy using an indocyanin green-based photosensitizer (ICG-based PS) and diode laser, toluidine blue O (TBO) photosensitizer and light-emitting diode (LED) light source, and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on biofilm of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans to sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) implant surfaces. Materials and Methods: Fifty SLA implants were divided into five groups and were incubated with A actinomycetemcomitans bacteria to form bacterial biofilm. Group 1 underwent Er:YAG laser radiation (with 10-Hz frequency, 100-mJ energy, and 1-W power); group 2 was subjected to LED (with 630-nm wavelength and maximum output intensity of 2.000 to 4.000 mW/cm 2 ) and TBO as a photosensitizer; group 3 was exposed to diode laser radiation (with 810-nm wavelength and 300-mW power) and ICG-based PS; and group 4 was immersed in 2% CHX. Group 5 was the control group, and the samples were rinsed with normal saline. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) per implant was then calculated. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the five groups were compared. Results: Significant differences was found between the control group and the other groups (P < .01). The lowest mean of CFU per implant count was in group 4 (P < .01), and the highest mean belonged to the control group. Photodynamic therapy by TBO + LED and ICG-based PS + diode laser was more effective than Er:YAG laser irradiation in suppression of this organism (P < .01). There was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3. Conclusion: The antibacterial effect of 2% CHX was greater than that of other understudy methods. Int J Oral MaxIllOfac IMplants 2016;31:e71-e78.

Er:YAG laser irradiation and PDT did not alter the surfaces of sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched implants.

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Abstract:Background: Loss of bone and soft tissue attachment are common sequelae of periodontitis that may jeopardize the aesthetic outcome and compromise the functional and aesthetic outcomes of treatment. The following case report describes one of the most predictable techniques of vertical ridge augmentation, which is orthodontic extrusion or forced eruption of hopeless teeth. Method:A 34-year-old woman who presented with severe attachment loss and deep pockets was diagnosed with generalized aggressive periodontitis. The mobile maxillary incisors were consequently extracted and were replaced with dental implants. However, prior to extraction, orthodontic extrusion of the hopeless incisors was performed to correct vertical ridge defects. Following extrusion and extraction of the maxillary incisors, to prevent soft tissue collapse and to preserve the papillae during socket healing, the crowns of the extracted teeth were used as pontics on a removable partial provisional denture. After 8 weeks, the implants were placed, and an immediate functional restoration was delivered. After 4 months of healing, a fixed definitive partial prosthesis was fabricated and delivered.Result: After periodontal treatment, over a 2-year period, the progression of aggressive periodontitis was controlled. The mean vertical movement of marginal bone was 3.6 mm. The use of the crowns of extracted teeth appears to be an effective method to maintain papillae. Conclusions:Orthodontic extrusion is a predictable method for the correction of vertical ridge defects. Orthodontic treatment does not aggravate or hasten the progression of aggressive periodontitis.

Aim This study assesses the effect of matrix metalloproteinases on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of an etch‐and‐rinse adhesive system. Methods This in vitro study evaluated 88 extracted premolars. The teeth were sectioned to expose dentin and were then randomly divided into four groups (n = 22). In group 1 (control), dentin surface was etched, and Adper Single Bond 2 was applied. In groups 2–4, dentin surface was etched and chlorhexidine (CHX), 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were applied on the surfaces, respectively, and blotted dry. Next, Adper Single Bond 2 was applied and all teeth were built up with Z350 composite. In each group, half the samples immediately and the other half after 10,000 thermal cycles underwent μTBS test. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = .05). Results In thermocycled samples, maximum μTBS was noted in CHX group followed by DMSO, EDC, and control group (p < .001). The thermocycled μTBS of composite to dentin was significantly higher in CHX group compared with EDC, DMSO, and control groups (p < .001) but was not significantly different in EDC and DMSO groups (p = .498). Conclusion The thermocycled μTBS obtained by the application of CHX, EDC, and DMSO was significantly higher compared with the value to the control group.