Objectives Adaptation processes in body of schoolchildren, along with study load and social factors, are determined by influence of climatic and geographical factors of residence region. This research has been undertaken to study the morphofunctional characteristics of schoolchildren at the age of 7–17 years. Methods The research involved 880 schoolchildren of both sexes in age from 7 to 17 years, studying in secondary school №22 in Pavlodar (Kazakhstan) and secondary school №7 in Kyzylorda (Kazakhstan). The Quetelet index of northern schoolchildren was within the norm but higher compared to southern peers. Results The Quetelet index was within the normal range for all schoolchildren, but higher among northerners. The indicator of the life index in the boys of the south was higher up to 10 years, then the adaptive possibilities of breathing decreased; in the girls in the north this indicator was higher in all periods, except for 8–9 years. The physical performance index (PWC170/kg) was higher in children from the southern region. Conclusions This study revealed significant geographical differences in the morphofunctional development of children. The obtained data served allowed establishing the “Electronic map of schoolchildren’s health” and indicated the need for systematic accounting of schoolchildren’s health indicators for effective development of differentiated prevention programs.

Проблема и цель. Изучение этнонациональных особенностей морфофункционального развития организма в процессе адаптации к социальным и экологическим условиям является одним из новых быстро развивающихся направлений экологической физиологии. В этом аспекте была поставлена цельоценить физическое здоровье и морфофункциональные показатели студентов казахской национальности первого курса Северо-Казахстанского государственного университета им. М. Козыбаева (СКГУ) и сравнить с аналогичными данными русских сверстниковстудентов Новосибирского государственного педагогического университета (НГПУ), проживающих в аналогичной климато-географической зоне. Методология. В исследовании приняли участие 200 студентов 17-18-летнего возраста обоего пола первого курса разных факультетов СКГУ (100 девушек и 100 юношей) и 1 000 студентов НГПУ (833 девушки и 167 юношей). Использованы стандартные общепринятые методы определения морфологических и функциональных показателей. Полученный материал обработан методами вариационной и разностной статистики. Результаты. Показано, что параметры физического развития (длина, масса тела, окружность грудной клетки, индексы Кетле, Пинье и уровня стении) студентов первого курса были в пределах возрастно-половой и региональной нормы, однако сравнительная оценка физического здоровья первокурсников обоих вузов казахской и русской национальностей показала Базарбаева Сауле Мухаметкалиевнадокторант второго курса, кафедра общей биологии и геномики, факультет естественных наук, Евразийский национальный университет им. Л. Н. Гумилева.

Aim. To study the features of the morphofunctional development of the Kazakh nationals of the first year of the M. Kozybaev North Kazakhstan State University arrived for training from the northern and southern regions of Kazakhstan with the goal of developing preventive measures to reduce the adaptive stress to university education. Material and methods. The study involved 400 first-year students 17-18 years old, of both genders, studying at different faculties of the M. Kozybaev North Kazakhstan State University (200 girls and 200 boys) who arrived from the northern and southern regions of the republic. Standard methods of determining anthropometric and functional indices, estimating the adaptive potential and the level of physical health were used. The resulting material is processed by the methods of ANOVA statistical methods. Results. Indices of physical development (length, body weight, chest circumference, Quetelet, Pinje and stenius indices) were shown to be within the age-gender norms, but a comparative assessment of physical health of students showed significant differences in the anthropometric and physiological state depending on the previous area of residence. Thus, the length of growth in northerners was higher than that of southerners. The indices of body weight, chest circumference, and the Quetelet index are higher in representatives of the southern regions. By the type of body build, among the girls and boys hypersthenics predominated in the southern region, normostenics - in the northern region. At the same time, with an increase in the constitution, the absolute and relative values of force indices and the vital index increased. At the same time, students in the southern region had a lower functional reserve of the heart, determined by the magnitude of the double product, the heart rate, and blood pressure. For students of the northerners of both genders, satisfactory adaptation (1st “level of health”) is typical, whereas representatives of the Southern Region had a lower level of adaptive potential, which corresponded to the state of exertion of adaptation mechanisms. Conclusion. Comparative evaluation of morpho-functional indices of the body of students of adolescence revealed features of body size, type of constitution, functional reserves of the cardiorespiratory system depending on the previous region of residence. The data obtained can be used to compile standards for the physical development of young people of different regions of the republic and the development of health programs to reduce adaptive stress.

Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного научного гранта Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан по приоритету «Науки о жизни и здоровье», по теме: «Многоцентровое исследование здоровья участников образовательного процесса с использованием инновационных технологий» Мукатаева Жанат Макановнадоктор биологических наук, профессор кафедры общей биологии и геномики, Евразийский национальный университет им. Л. Н. Гумилева.

No abstract