Abstract. Laily AN, Suranto, Sugiyarto. 2012. Characterization of Carica pubescens in Dieng Plateau, Central Java based on morphological characters, antioxidant capacity, and protein banding pattern. Nusantara Bioscience 4: 16-21. Carica pubescens Lenne & K. Koch is a species of fruit plant firstly cultivated in South America and has adapted to the highland environment, such as Dieng Plateau, Central Java (±2000 m asl). It has a narrow habitat range and limited or unknown intraspecies variation. Therefore, important information about the characters of the plants at various altitudes is needed, so that it is possible to extend its distribution through transplantation to other areas. Characterization can be performed based on morphological characters, chemical content, and protein banding patterns. This study aimed to describe the morphological characters, the chemical content (antioxidant capacity), and the pattern of protein bands by staining, using Coomassie brilliant blue on C. pubescens in the Dieng Plateau. The research was conducted in the villages of Kejajar (1400 m asl), Patak Banteng (1900 m asl.), and Sembungan (2400 m asl.). The observations of morphological characters were conducted in the field and continued in the laboratory. Morphological characters, the chemical content (antioxidant capacity), and the banding pattern of protein of C. pubescens were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the morphological characters of C. pubescens in Dieng Plateau varied in stems, leaves, and fruits. The antioxidant capacity decreased with decreasing habitat altitude, 2400 m asl. altitude> 1900 m altitude> 1400 m asl.. The Protein banding patterns did not vary, but the pattern in C. Papaya was different. The uniformity of the pattern of protein bands showed that genetic stability in C. pubescens was not affected by environmental factors.

Microalgae in Sidoarjo Porong River is one component that can be used as bio-indicators of an imbalance in the ecosystem due to pollution load. Since the end of 2009, the River Porong Sidoarjo mud flow of water into which further aggravate the pollutant load to the Porong River. Water disposal Sidoarjo mud into the Porong River is thought to cause changes in the quality or increase water pollution. This study aims to determine phytoplankton found and to know the status of pollution in the river Besuki Porong Sidoarjo. Sampling was performed twice microalgae by using a plankton net and without plankton net or directly in September 2014. The results showed that the kind of microalgae found Synedra sp. The River Porong Sidoarjo. Synedra sp. is a type of algae from Chrysophyceae division that can live in almost every aquatic environment enough sunlight to sustain its activities. Environmental factors were measured at the time of sampling are: light intensity of 251 lux, the pH of 8, the water temperature was 29 °, and the air temperature at 32°C.

<em>Carica pubescens Lenne &amp; K. Koch is one of the typical highland crops in Indonesia. This plant can be found in the region of Cangar and Bromo in East Java, as well as the Dieng Plateau, Central Java Wonosobo-Banjarnegara. Morphological, chemical content, and analysis of protein banding pattern of the Carica pubescens has been done, but more about the use of active compounds for pharmaceutical raw materials, in Diabetes Mellitus type 2 have not been studied. One therapeutic approach to lowering blood sugar levels posprandial is to slow down or inhibit the absorption of glucose through inhibition of the carbohydrates hidrolitic enzyme such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase. This study aims to identify antidiabetic compounds in silico. Antidiabetic compounds were analyzed by methods of docking. The results showed that papain and cysteine protease in C. pubescens have better binding affinity to α-amylase and α-glucosidase compared to iridoid glycosides. Papain and cysteine proteases isolated from C. pubescens are potential to be developed as an antidiabetic.</em>

Reservoir is a water puddle created by humans by damming up the river and the water is stored with multiple destinations, such as for drinking, such as for drinking water, hydropower, flood control and many more. In addition there are fish and aquatic plants, in the reservoir also found other microorganisms which is phytoplankton that are mostly a member of the division Chlorophyta (green algae). Chlorophyta are the largest group of vegetation algae, this algae has a green clear color as in higher plants because it contains the pigment chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b more dominant. Species of the division Chlorophyta found in several posts in the Sumber Air Jaya reservoir are Spirogyra sp., Ulothrix sp., and Closterium sp. with different characteristics of each species.

Some waters are experiencing errors processing till that waters to be waste disposal which resulted in the loss of existing potential, affect water quality and further on the presence of organisms present in the water, especially plankton (phytoplankton) which is the first organisms respond to changes in water quality. One of the pollutants in the water is mud Lapo in Porong, Sidoarjo. This research aims to identify phytoplankton in polluted waters, lapindo mud Porong, Sidoarjo. The method used is the method description. The analysis of samples carried out in the laboratory of Ecology