In the presented work, the authors investigated the development and sex ratio of the Bracon in various environmental conditions. The greater Galleria mellonella was used as the host of the entomophage under laboratory conditions. The authors studied the influence of the temperature environment, additional imaginal nutrition and the age of the host on the sex ratio of the Bracon. Experiments with testing the effect of different temperatures in the process of infecting a host with a parasite on the sex ratio of the entomophage showed that with an increase in the temperature of parental individuals from 25 to 30°C, not only fertility increased but also the number of emerged Bracon imagines. With an increase in the temperature at which the parental pairs were kept up to 35°C, there was no increase, but, on the contrary, a slight decrease in the emerged wasps was observed. Testing of different feeding options showed that feed different in quality composition had different effects on fertility and sex ratio in the offspring. High fertility was obtained in the experiments using honey and sugar solutions for additional imaginal nutrition. The highest number of females was also obtained by feeding parental pairs with a 20% solution of honey (67.2%) and sugar syrup (64.5%).

The article provides data on the determination of morphological features and bioecological features of the development of a particularly dangerous object Tuta absoluta (Povlony) in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. In greenhouses and laboratory conditions, the imago begins to actively mate 3-4 hours before sunrise. In laboratory conditions, females lay eggs on the surface of leaves (35%), below (45%), stems (15%), fruit leaves (5%), but the fruit was not laid. After hatching from the eggs, the larvae chew through the entrance to the mesoderm of the leaf and penetrate for 5 minutes. The Larva Of T. absoluta is almost cylindrical in shape, with a distinct head, three pairs of pectoral legs, and five pairs of ventral pseudopods. After completing all five stages of development, the larvae emerge from the mine, and sometimes pupate there. Before pupation, the larva changes its color from dark green to light green. The pupa of the tomato moth, as in other Lepidoptera, is of the “obtecto " type, that is, with the future appendages of adults. It has the shape of a cone 4.5-5 mm long and 1.3-1.5 mm wide, greenish in color, turning to a more intense brown, and at the end of development becomes brown. In the population, females predominate over males. At a temperature of 15°C and 33°C the ratio of female to female life expectancy varies. The higher the air temperature, the more females predominate in the population.

No abstract

Since 2015, the greatest harm to greenhouse vegetables in Kazakhstan has been caused by a previously unknown pest of nightshades -the South American tomato moth (Tuta absoluta) and the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum). To obtain an environmentally friendly product, for the first time in Kazakhstan, the biological features of the predatory bug Macrolophus nubilus were studied and a complex integrated system was developed using biological methods. The data obtained on the survival rate and duration of development of M. nubilus larvae indicate that the eggs of the Sitotroga cerealella, as well as the eggs and larvae of the T. vaporariorum and T. absoluta, serve as a complete food for the predatory bug. Production tests of M. nubilus to assess the effect of temperature and photoperiod on the duration of larval development were carried out in the greenhouse complex "Naimbekov" on an area of 1 hectare (early indeterminate tomato hybrid Attia F1). The assessment of the biological effectiveness of M. nubilus against T. vaporariorum and T. absoluta was carried out in the greenhouse complex "Adelya" on an area of 5 hectares (mediumfruited carpal tomato hybrid Merlis F1) in southern Kazakhstan. These results contribute to more sustainable tomato production.