A total of 192 samples of illegal cheese from different regions of the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, Brazil, were analyzed for the isolation and detection of Brucella spp. DNA by means of microbiological culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Samples that yielded positive results were submitted to the analysis of the occurrence of Brucella abortus (biovars 1, 2 e 4), as well as to the differentiation of DNA in B19 vaccinal strain or Brucella abortus field strain using PCR. Although the microorganism was not isolated from any sample, PCR detected 37 positive samples (19.27%) using genus-specific primers. From these, all (100%) were Brucella abortus. Differentiation of the strain showed that 30/37 samples (81.08%) were vaccinal strain B19 and seven (18.92%) were Brucella abortus field strains. Results showed that diagnostic sensitivity of PCR was greater than that of microbiological culture. The standardization of the reaction for the differentiation of vaccinal and field strains enabled the analysis of all samples positive for Brucella abortus. It is, therefore, a reliable method, also applicable to natural infections caused by the microrganism.

According to FAO information, during the last decades great efforts have been made by authorities and specialists for the development of public policy and to spread the benefits of adopting healthy diets and physical activities, aiming to reduce the incidence of non-transmissible chronic diseases, which are the main cause of death worldwide. In spite of its healthy status, the consumption of vegetable products (fruits, vegetables, grains, and plants) has been staying below the expected level in most countries, forcing the public policy makers to implement ways to encourage consumers to include more vegetable products in their diets. Aware of this reality, the food industry continuously seeks for innovative ways of contributing to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables. This review proposes to show the consequences of functionality and nutrition macrotrends for fruit and vegetable consumption, and the technological challenges and alternatives found for the development of processed products containing such raw materials.

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