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Introduction: Death by hanging may be suicidal, accidental or homicidal. General external appearances, local external neck findings, neck autopsy and neck histological changes play a major role in differentiation between types of hanging. Aims & Objectives: Differentiation among suicidal, homicidal and accidental hanging by using different diagnostic methods including naked eye examination, neck autopsy, examination of neck structure, and histopathological features of the neck structures at the ligation mark site. Subjects and Methods: the study was carried out from March 2018 to March 2019, with 36 cases of deaths due to hanging divided into: Group 1 (18 cases): suicidal hanging, Group 2 (13 cases): homicidal hanging and Group (5 cases): accidental hanging. A thorough external and internal examination of neck structure was performed in all the cases. Results: Suicidal hanging, associated with female sex, was detected in 57.1% of cases. Homicidal and accidental hanging, significantly associated with skin hemorrhage, was detected in 80% of cases. Microscopic examination: Breaking, wrinkling and compression of the skin along with micro hemorrhages in the subcutaneous tissues were notified more commonly with homicidal hanging. Conclusion: The examination of corpse in hanging cases becomes easy by correlating current observation with the autopsy finding. The correlation of external, internal and microscopic findings leads to easy formulation of final opinion of these cases. It also, to some extent helps to differentiate between types of hanging.

Many pesticides are used together or in a method, eventually resulting in multiple exposures. These mixtures can lead to unpredicted adverse health consequences in the exposed population. Numerous studies on individual risk assessments are available, but combined usage's toxicity is still to estimate. So, the current study investigated hepatotoxicity induced by exposure to deltamethrin (DLT) and dimethoate (DM) and their mixture in adult male albino rats. Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were randomized into five equal groups (n=8); Group I: control, Group II: the vehicle group received 1ml corn oil. Group III: received DLT (5 mg/kg b.w.), Group IV: received DM (20 mg/kg b.w.), Group V: received DLT (5 mg/kg b.w) and DM (20 mg/kg b.w). Treatments were orally gavaged once-daily dose for twelve weeks. Results: Separate DLT and DM exposure significantly induced an increase in serum liver enzymes, including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline transferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, and liver malondialdehyde levels accompanied by a decrease in serum total protein, plasma cholinesterase enzyme, liver superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels. These biochemical alterations were supported by the lesions observed in histological sections, decreasing the expression of Bcl-2 and DNA damage and genotoxicity detected by the comet assay. Conclusion: Co-administration of DLT and DM aggravated hepatic dysfunction, exhausting the endogenous antioxidant status and down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2. Thus, these mixtures can increase the harmful effects of each compound on the liver.

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