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Abstract-In this paper, we propose two algorithms based on the popular Bit Plane Splicing Least Significant Bit (LSB) Technique for secret data hiding inside images. One major disadvantage of Bit Plane Splicing LSB technique is its low hiding capacity which results in severe degradation of the cover image upon hiding large amount of data. The proposed algorithms overcome this issue by imposing hiding rules based on the intensity level of pixels. In addition the method for data hiding is done in a non sequential manner using linear congruent random number generators. Experiment results show that the proposed techniques called Optimum Intensity Based Distributed Hiding (OIBDH) technique and Linear Congruent Optimum Intensity Based Distributed Hiding with Key (LC-OIBDH-k) outperforms Bit Plane Splicing LSB technique as they have better hiding capacity with less degradation in the cover image. Furthermore, the proposed algorithms are tested using absolute entropy curves and results show that our proposed techniques have lower absolute entropy difference compared to Bit Plane Splicing LSB technique in all the tested images and for different secret data sizes.

Aim: To compare the efficacy of letrozole and clomiphene citrate in women having anovulatory infertility. Study design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Place and duration of study: 16th October 2020 to 15th September 2021 in Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shahida Islam Medical Complex Lodhran. Methods: In our study 112 patients between ages 18 to 40 years with anovulation were included. Patients having H/O previous pelvic surgery, raised prolactin and TSH levels were excluded. These women were divided into02 groups i.e. Group A (clomiphene citrate) & Group B (letrozole), by lottery method and the effectiveness was noted in both groups. Results: Mean age of women in group A was 24.53±6.12 years and in group B was 25.37±6.33 years. Majority women included in our study, 78(69.64%) were between ages 18 to 30 years. Duration of infertility was 3.28±2.11 years. Mean infertility duration in group A was 3.63±2.10 years and in group B was 3.79±2.14 years. The efficacy of drug shownin Group A was 9(8.03%) while in Group B was 18(16.07%) (p-value = 0.005). Conclusion: We concluded from this study that letrozole is proved to be more efficacious than clomiphene citrate in anovulatory infertility. Keywords: Anovulation, Infertility, Letrozole, Clomiphene Citrate, Conception Rate

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