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Background: Vulvovaginitis is a common unavoidable health problem encountered in a woman’s life. Because of its recurrent and persistent symptoms, it leaves a negative impact on the quality of woman’s life and its management poses a challenge. This study is aimed to analyse the clinical profile, clinical symptoms - presentations and various etiological agents in vulvovaginitis.Methods: A study of 125 cases of vulvovaginitis in the age group of 18-50 years was done. This study was based on the data collected like - age, parity, symptoms, clinical presentations and cytological findings. Speculum examination was done with the given consent and high vaginal swabs were taken for cytological study. Based on Amsel’s criteria bacterial vaginosis was confirmed, trichomoniasis by wet mount examination and candidiasis by culture study were confirmed.Results: The present study showed maximum incidence of vaginitis 63.2% among 21-30 years age group, more common in multiparous women 44.8% and vaginal discharge was the commonest symptom 88%. Cytological study showed 53.6% bacterial vaginosis {BV), 27.2% vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), 2.4% trichomoniasis and remaining 17% mixed infections like BV + VVC 15.2% and 1.6% BV + VVC + Trichomoniasis.Conclusions: All women of reproductive age should have mandatory regular evaluation for early detection and proper management of vulvovaginitis. Creating awareness among women improves their quality of life.

Background: The journey of pregnancy and labour is a re-birth to woman. Though it is physiological process, this journey can be fatal any moment for both mother and baby. The purpose to monitor labour is to recognize incipient problems which may be prevented with timely intervention. The partogram was recommended and modified by WHO to monitor the fetal and maternal wellbeing during active phase of labour. The aim of the study was to assess the role of partogram in the labour analysis of primigravida and study the maternal and fetal outcome and mode of delivery. Methods: Study of 150 cases of primigravida with term pregnancy in spontaneous labour admitted to labour room was conducted. Labour progress was monitored using WHO partogram to detect any deviation from normal course. Based on partogram patients were divided into three groups. Patients who delivered before alert line -Group I, between alert and action line -Group II, delivered after crossing action line -Group III. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were assessed. Results: Out of 150 cases analysed in this study 132 (88%) belonged to group I, whereas 18 (12%) were in group II and there were no cases in group III. A total of 123(82%) had spontaneous vaginal delivery, 8(5.33%) had assisted vaccum delivery and 19(12.66%) had caesarean section. Conclusion:This study concludes that partograph serves as early warning system and assist in early decision of augmentation and termination of labour. It has shown to be effective in preventing prolonged labour and in reducing operative interference.

Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of vaginal discharge among women in reproductive age. The normal flora of the vagina varies from person to person, but lactobacilli are usually the preponderant organism. Bacterial flora also contains other aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Some of these are considered to be pathogenic. It is recognized that, bacterial vaginosis may be associated with pelvic inflammatory disease, preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PROM), post operative gynaecologic infections and abnormal Papanicolaou smear. Objective: 1) to find the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis. 2). To find the most cost effective reliable method for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Method: A total of 360 consecutive women with complaints of vaginal discharge were considered for the study. The study was undertaken from January 2015 till June 2016 at KBN medical college and hospital, Gulbarga, Karnataka. BV was diagnosed based on Amsel's composite criteria and Nugent's scoring system. pH was determined, Whiff amine test for the presence of fishy odor and the presence of the clue cells on vaginal smear were observed. Gram staining was performed for Nugent's method. Result: Prevalence of BV was 44.16%. Most common affected age group was between 24-35 years. Routinely a combination of various methods are used for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV), although nugent criterion is considered as the gold standard method The prevalence rate of BV in present study was high. Conclusion: With limited resources in developing countries, there is a great need for inexpensive diagnostic methods for bacterial vaginosis. Amsel's criteria is as good as Nugent's scoring in diagnosis of BV and it is simple, easy, cost effective, fast and reliable, and can be done in OPD which can be used for precise and fast treatment.