Malocclusion is one of the most common craniofacial problems observed worldwide. Affected individuals suffer not only from aesthetic concerns but also from functional problems, such as with mastication and pronunciation. The prevalence of malocclusion in East Asians is higher than in other races. Reports have shown besides environmental factors, there is association between certain types of malocclusion with specific genes. Positive association of mandibular prognathism has been implicated to genes such as Matrilin-1; while mutation in DUSP6 has also been shown to contribute to the incidence of malocclusion. This review aimed to briefly discuss the involvement of other additional genes such as MYO1H and PAX9 in the incidence of malocclusion as observed from our local institution.

This study aims to evaluate the cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) production in in vitro poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA-based scaffolds seeded with rabbit chondrocytes. Scaffolds with the size of 7mm (diameter) × 3mm (height) using ratio of 65:35 were formed using solvent-casting and salt leaching method. The scaffolds were divided into four respective groups, 1) PLGA-atelocollagen-fibrin (PAF), 2) PLGA-atelocollagen (PA), 3) PLGA-fibrin (PF), and 4) PLGA ▻ Authors ▻ Keywords

Biomaterial scaffolds play an important role in cartilage tissue engineering. They act as a temporary extracellular matrix substitute and template for cellular growth in vitro and support mechanical integrity in vivo. Several limitations have been reported when natural and synthetic biomaterials were used individually. They are unable to satisfactorily mimic the actual substrate for tissue regeneration both structurally and functionally. The formation of hybrid scaffolds consisting natural and synthetic biomaterials has been proposed to improve the outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to form and evaluate three-dimensional (3D) 65:35 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA ("P") scaffold incorporated