Despite being a country of various blue stockings, Indian daughters particularly from the countryside and lower socioeconomic hierarchy have remained the victims of unfairness in learning opportunities from ancient to modern time. The present research work tries to examine the regional progress and inequality in education and determinants of lower educational prospects of girls in India on the basis of secondary data. Here, the disparity index and correlation coefficient are applied to analyze the gender discrepancy of education and the relationship between literacy and its major determinants respectively. It has been examined that despite the celebration of longtime independence, it is very distrustful to accept that one fourth proportion of the population of the country is not capable to read and write to an easy cohesion of words with understanding in any of language. Though various plans have been launched with prime target of enhancing the female literacy, yet in all over the nation, the disparity in literacy still exists which demands some impressive efforts for bringing the equity.

A special place belongs to the historical thought of the late 19th - early 20th centuries in the spiritual heritage of the Tatar people. In a short time, Tatar historians have achieved significant results in the reconstruction and study of the national past. Their successes were appreciated by Russian and European scholars and orientalists, and their unconditional leadership among other Turkic Muslims was generally recognized. The works by Sh. Mardzhani, R. Fakhrutdinov, G. Akhmarov, H. Atlasi, G. Gubaidullin are being republished today and are returned to the reader. Their work is being successfully studied, but there are no works where the formation and development of Tatar historical science at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries would be considered specifically. A systematized study of the historical thought of the Tatars during the Jadid period, the determination of the characteristics, trends, and the directions of its development remains an urgent task of modern science. This scientific article examines the features of Russian-Tatar relation coverage by Tatar historians of the late 19th - early 20th centuries, reveals the information and analytical activities of censorship and its special attention to historical writings, contains an overview of little-known sources - popular editions and publications in time-based press, dated to the centenary of The Patriotic War of 1812 and the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanov, the authors of which, showing the commonality of the historical fate of Russians and Tatars, substantiated the thesis of "equal rights in a common Fatherland". The obtained analytical results are very effective in increasing the level of education of educators in this field.

The basis of the concept of humanitarization in education lies in the orientation of education towards solving problems in the field of modern civilization and culture. The problem of comprehensive consideration of the ethnic dimension of Russian society is among the fundamental problems that determine the strategy for the development of national education. The humanitarization in education is seen in the fact that through the sphere of education, a person can feel his or her ethnic, cultural, and historical uniqueness simultaneously with the realization of their belonging to world history. The concept of the humanitarization in education serves as the basis for building a multicultural educational environment, in the conditions of which the formation of multicultural thinking takes place, reflecting globalist trends. The paper analyses the functions of multicultural education: philosophical and cultural, ethical and humanistic, educational and reflexive, personal and developing in the context of the author's concept of humanitarization.

Активный поиск ответов в переходный период в условиях отхода от идеологических парадигм недавнего прошлого и форсированной девальвации устоявшихся ценностей привели к известной маргинализации культуры, потере ориентиров на пути к духовным истокам, негативному влиянию нетрадиционных для России религиозно-конфессиональных элементов. Культурные традиции, являющиеся социокультурным наследием, в данном отношении формируют «коллективную память» общества, обеспечивают преемственность и устойчивость его развития. Определяющими ориентирами национальной политики российского государства служат многовековые культурные ценности и традиции народов, их гендерно-демографических групп, изучение роли которых на примере региональных сельских поселений показывает потенциал сохранения культурной идентичности и обеспечения российского духовного единства.

A special place in the spiritual heritage of the Tatar people belongs to the historical thought of the late XIX -early XX centuries. Tatar historians achieved significant results in the reconstruction and study of the national past in a short time. However, there is no works "where the formation and development of the Tatar historical science of the late XIX-early XX centuries would be considered specially". Systematized study of the historical thought of the Tatars of the period of Jadidism, the identification of features, trends, directions of its development remains an actual task of modern science. This paper is aimed at investigating the specific features of the spiritual and social and political development of the Tatar people at the end of the XIX -beginning of the XX centuries. The leading method for the investigation of this problem is the comparativehistorical one, which includes historical comparisons, and also gives the opportunity to study both historiographic facts relating to a particular historical situation and the phenomena of historiography in their qualitative change, contributing to the elucidation of the laws of the development of historical thought. The main results: the development of the historical thought of the Tatar intelligentsia during the period of Jadidism was generalized for the first time, the features of the development of historical knowledge and the formation of the foundations of historical science in the Tatars at the end of the XIX -beginning of the XX centuries were singled out, its main directions were identified, their problems and development tendencies were shown. Bringing around a wide range of sources and taking into account the estimates existing in the literature, the authors attempted to conduct integrated study and analysis of the discussions on the ethnonym and ethnic self-identification that played an important role in the formation of the historical and national identity of the Tatars.