BiFeO3-BaTiO3 is a promising high-temperature
piezoelectric ceramic that possesses both good electromechanical properties
and a Curie temperature (T
C). Here, the
piezoelectric charge constants (d
33) and
strain coefficients (d*33) of (1 – x)BiFeO3-xBaTiO3 (BF-xBT; 0.20 ≤ x ≤ 0.50) lead-free
piezoelectrics were investigated at room temperature. The results
showed a maximum d
33 of 225 pC/N in the
BF-0.30BT ceramic and a maximum d*33 of
405 pm/V in the BF-0.35BT ceramic, with T
Cs of 503 and 415 °C, respectively. To better understand the
performance enhancement mechanisms, a phase diagram was established
using the results of XRD, piezoresponse force microscopy, TEM, and
electrical property measurements. The superb d
33 of the BF-0.30BT ceramic arose because of its location in
the optimum point in the morphotropic phase boundary, low oxygen vacancy
(V
O
··) concentration, and domain heterogeneity. The
superior d*33 of the BF-0.35BT ceramic
was attributed to a weak relaxor behavior between coexisting macrodomains
and polar nanoregions. The presented strategy provides guidelines
for designing high-temperature BF-BT ceramics for different applications.
The past two decades have seen a great enhancement of piezoelectric coefficients (d33) to higher than 570 pC/N in (K, Na)NbO3 (KNN) piezoelectrics, but one notoriously unresolved issue is their severe temperature instability, obstructing them toward practical applications. The present work demonstrates a facile approach to overcome this problem by introducing a layered distribution of key dopants (Li and Sb) in a monolithic ceramic, featuring stepwise varied polymorphic phase transition (PPT) temperatures along the thickness direction. The dopant‐graded ceramic exhibits an outstanding d33 of 508 pC/N and a very large piezoelectric strain (Suni, of 0.18%). More importantly, an excellent temperature stability (d33 variation within 13% over the temperature range of 25–150 °C) is achieved, which is superior to that of most state‐of‐art KNN counterparts. These are attributed to the construction of spatially diffused PPT in combination with enhanced polarization, permittivity, and piezoresponse through interfacial effect, including the Maxwell–Wagner effect and intergranular stress by gradient doping. The results offer an alternative strategy for designing high‐performance piezoelectric materials with desirable temperature reliability.
Environmentally friendly BiFeO3 capacitors have a great potential for applications in pulsed-discharge and power conditioning electronic systems because of its excellent intensity of spontaneous polarization (Ps). Herein, (0.7-x)BiFeO3-0.3BaTiO3-xNaTaO3+0.3wt%MnO2 (abbreviated as...
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