The industrial development of flavor and fragrance currently leads to natural ingredients. Kaffir lime is a potential ingredient developed from Indonesia, but distillation of essential oil in Indonesia generally results in low yields and quality. Fermentation as the initial treatment of distillation would improve the yield and quality of essential oil. The fermentation process is usually performed as pretreatment using cellulolytic bacteria such as Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, or Trichoderma reesei, but the use of those bacteria is considered less practical for essential oil distillation process. Therefore, this research utilized tempeh yeast to increase yield and quality of essential oil. Since tempeh yeast consists of Rhizopus producing hyphae, it is expected that hyphae are able to penetrate the tissue, making it easier for oil to get out of the leaves. The aerobic fermentation process was carried out by continuous addition of air inside the fermenter with air compressor. Fermentation was observed within four days. The distillation was performed by using steam distillation method. The result of this study showed that leaf lime essential oil with fermentation process of day 3 produced the highest yield of 0.67%, which increased 20% compared to non-fermented leaves. The composition of leaf lime essential oil was 87.92% Citronellal, 1% β- caryophyllene, 0.3% Citronellal acetate, 0.9% Citronellol, and 1.77% linalool, which comply to local industry standard.

Hand sanitizer is an alternative to washing hands, it can also be antibacterial. Citronella and rhodinol oils consists of monoterpene compounds with major components in the form of aldehydes and alcohol. The oils have antibacterial properties. This study aims to increase the antibacterial power of the hand sanitizer by adding citronella and rhodinol. The experimental research method was carried out in a laboratory with two stages. The first stage was making hand sanitizers with variations in the addition of citronella and rhodinol. The second stage is to test the antibacterial power of the products. The addition of citronella oil and rhodinol can increase the inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The addition of rhodinol as an additive to the hand sanitizer gave a greater inhibition zone effect than the addition of citronella oil. The good result is a hand sanitizer made from 96% alcohol with 1% rhodinol additive.

Cellulotic degradation of clove leave using aspergillus niger to improve oil yield in distillation practices. The average yield of clove oil by steam distillation was 1.68%. This study used Aspergillus niger to degrade cellulotic membrane of clove leaves. The parameters observed were effect of fermentation times (48, 96, and 192 h) Kata kunci: minyak daun cengkeh; fermentasi selulotik; Aspergillus niger; penyulingan PENDAHULUANMinyak atsiri adalah produk alam yang memiliki karakterisitik fisikokimia yang berguna sehingga memiliki nilai tambah di masyarakat. Produk ini dapat digunakan dalam berbagai bidang, yaitu kedokteran (sebagai anti bakteri), industri makanan (bahan pengawet), industri parfum (bahan pewangi), dan lain-lain (El Asabahani dkk., 2015).Salah satu produk unggulan Indonesia yang memiliki komoditas besar dalam dunia minyak atsiri adalah tanaman cengkeh (Syzgium aromaticum). Minyak atsiri cengkeh sangat diperlukan dalam berbagai industri seperti bahan baku dalam perasa maupun pewangi makanan (flavour and fragrance ingredients), industri kosmetik dan lainnya (Wijaya dkk, 2015). Tiga minyak atsiri yang bisa didapat dari tanaman cengkeh adalah minyak bunga cengkeh, minyak batang cengkeh, dan minyak daun cengkeh. (Alma dkk., 2007).Pada daun cengkeh hanya sekitar 1,68% minyak yang dapat diambil dengan metode distilasi uap (Wijaya dkk., 2015). Beberapa peneliti terdahulu menyimpulkan bahwa peningkatan rendemen minyak atsiri daun cengkeh dapat dilakukan dengan fermentasi selulotik sebelum dilakukan distilasi.

STUDY OF SPRAY DRYING PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PETROLEUM CRACKING CATALYST. Catalyst for the hydrocarbon fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process consists of zeolite, matrix, fillers, and binders. The FCC catalyst has a microsphere form (10-120 µm), and can be produced by spray drying. Operating conditions of spray drying affect the characteristics of the microspheres FCC catalyst. The composition slurry (24% by weight) is 27% (by weight) of zeolite NaY, 33% (by weight) of Belitung kaolin, 20% (by weight) of silica alumina, 20% (by weight) of silica sol. The slurry is fed to spray dryer with constant air temperature of 190 o C, ratio of atomizing air flow to slurry feed rate between 0.75:1 to 1:1, hot air flow rate between 0.2-0.3 m 3 /min, and slurry feed rate between 15-20 mL/min. Catalyst particle size distribution produced is in the range of 0.3752-161.1770 µm. Angle of repose of the dry product isin the 41.45-49.00 range, which translates to a flowability between passable and poor. Statistical treatment of experimental data by ANOVA method indicates that hot air velocity and interaction between the atomizing air to slurry feed rate ratio and the hot air velocity significantly affect the average particle size. The interaction between the atomizing air to slurry feed ratio with hot air velocity significantly affect particle size distribution as well.

Kegiatan pondok pesantren tidak lepas dari penggunaan produk sanitasi untuk menjaga kesehatan dan kebersihan. Salah satu produk sanitasi yaitu hand sanitizer. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini yaitu melatih analisis kelayakan ekonomi produk sanitasi dalam upaya self-sufficiency di pondok pesantren Bahrul Maghfiroh Malang. Melalui pengabdian ini diharapkan kesehatan dan kebersihan santri terjaga dan dapat menciptakan pondok mandiri secara finansial. Pengabdian ini dilakukan daring dengan memberikan pelatihan formulasi hand sanitizer dan analisis kelayakan ekonomi meliputi perhitungan harga jual produk dan kriteria investasi. Berdasarkan simulasi hasil perhitungan, didapatkan harga jual hand sanitizer kemasan 100 ml yaitu Rp 11.528,00 dengan laba 5% dari harga pokok penjualan. Dengan interest rate (IR) sebesar 4,25%, didapatkan nilai NPV sebesar Rp 235.841.940,31 dan IRR sebesar 58,82%, dimana investasi produk sanitasi ini dikategorikan visible (layak) karena NPV > 0 dan IRR > IR. ROI yang didapatkan sebesar 94,89% dengan PBP selama 1,05 tahun. Capaian pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian ini dapat dilihat dari kepuasan mitra dengan hasil kuesioner rata-rata kepuasan sekitar 74% responden menjawab setuju terhadap kebermanfaatan kegiatan ini. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan analisis kelayakan ekonomi produk sanitasi perlu dilakukan secara kontinyu dan bisa dikembangkan untuk produk sanitasi yang lain.