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Background Probiotics affect both the development and stability of microbiota by altering the colonization of pathogens and thus helps in stimulating the immune system of the individual. The aim of the present study is to assess the effect of probiotics on peri-implantitis microflora, by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Lactobacillus reuteri, that can be effectively administered as an antimicrobial agent on specific peri-implantitis pathogens. Hence, this study will be helpful in finding the MIC of L. Reuteri that can be effectively administered as an antimicrobial agent on specific peri-implantitis pathogens. Methods This experimental research was conducted on patients visiting the periodontology department in M. A. Rangoonwala college of dental sciences and research centre. Sub-gingival plaque samples were collected from peri-implantitis patients to identify various peri-implantitis microorganisms. The identified microorganisms were compared to each other and Chi-Square test was used to calculate statistical significance. The isolated microorganisms were subjected to the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri in-vitro. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was assessed using serial dilution method. Results The research results showed the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus salivaris and Staphylococcus aureus in the subgingival samples from peri-implantitis patients. Statistically, significantly higher proportion of samples had Porphyromonas gingivalis. When subjected to the effect of L. reuteri, all the microorganisms were affected by L.reuteri except Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Conclusion This study provides the various MIC value for each isolated pathogen against L.reuteri. The authors recommend to avoid using standard guidelines for probiotic dose in the treatment of peri-implant infections as the antimicrobial profile is different for each periodontal pathogen.

BackgroundVaried treatment modalities have been described in the past for the management of peri-implant diseases but the evidence of the use of probiotics for the treatment of peri-implantitis is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the antagonistic growth effects of Lactobacillus salivarius on the growth of periimplantitis pathogens. Material and methodAn in vitro assessment of probiotic L. salivarius on peri-implantitis pathogens was done using the serial tube dilution method. Minimum inhibitory concentration was calculated for five subgingival pathogens namely Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus salivarius, and Staphylococcus aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is defined as the lowermost concentration of any drug that prevents the noticeable growth of the test organism. In vitro assessment to determine the MIC is necessary for an in vivo application. The MIC value will also help to find the drug's accurate dosage. ResultsPeri-implantitis pathogens were cultured from individuals diagnosed with peri-implantitis. Except for A. actinomycetemcomitans, all other pathogens were susceptible to the probiotic. S. salivarius had the lowest MIC (0.8mg/mL). ConclusionThe MIC value for pathogens will help to determine the effective mode and form of probiotic that can be used for the treatment of peri-implantitis.