New correlations have been proposed for estimation of gas phase holdup, characteristic velocity, interfacial area for mass transfer and mean bubble size of bubble swarms under dispersed and fluidized operation of bubble columns employing singleand multi-orifice distributors. The analysis of results include available literature data of other investigators. ubble column operation in both dispersed and B fluidized regimes has become of major commer-cia1 interest and a considerable relevant literature has now developed. However, there remain uncertainties about the design and performance of such columns and in particular for the behaviour of bubble swarms produced from singleand multi-orifice gas sources.
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