The construction industry is perceived to be one of more dangerous industries, which has a poor safety performance record globally. However, in developing countries, these difficulties and challenges present alongside a general situation of socio-economic stress, chronic resource shortages, institutional weaknesses and a general inability to deal with the key issues. There is also evidence that the problems have become greater in extent and severity in recent years. The objective of this paper is to report the results of a study conducted to analyze the risk level of a construction accident at a project. The study was carried out on the project undertaken by contractor company in Indonesia, consisting of 3 types of companies which are state-owned companies, private companies and foreign private companies. The risk level was assessed using a risk significance index based on the likelihood of occurrences and the impacts on accident. The research method includes direct observation and questionnaire survey to highrise building projects. Direct observation is an instrument to measure likelihood level of accident risk accurance, and questionnaire survey, for respondents' perspectives gaining, is used to assess the consequence level of the accident at the project. The data were analyzed using Risk Matrix from AS/NZS 4360:2004 Risk Management Standard. The result shows that in construction projects in Indonesia, accident risks at state companies and private companies are higher than those at foreign private companies. Factors which are mostly included in high risk accident category such as "lack of safety equipment specifications", poor working surfaces and platforms", "low education level of workers", "lack of organizational commitment", and "Low/no safety resource". The current study contributes to government of Indonesia in term of suggestion in evaluating safety program enforcement in highrise building construction projects. 2
Salah satu penyebab utama kerentanan fisik dan lingkungan adalah kegiatan manusia dalam membangun lingkungan-binaannya, dan hal ini sangat erat terkait dengan sektor konstruksi. Cara membangun yang salah, baik dari segi perencanaan dan perancangan maupun dari segi pelaksanaan dan pengawasannya dapat menghasilkan infrastruktur yang rentan terhadap bencana, selain juga risiko degradasi lingkungan. Hasil studi data statistik kegagalan, memperlihatkan bahwa Practitioners mempunyai saham dan potensi yang lebih besar dari Theoreticians dalam menekan resiko kegagalan. Persentasi resiko terbesar datang dari Human Activities dan Human Attitude. Socio-Engineering berfokus pada atribut yang melekat pada seseorang seperti , sikap (attitude), keahlian (skill) , nilai/norma yang diyakini (values), relasi sesama manusia, pengakuan dan penghargaan (reward system), wewenang struktural (authority structure). Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan suatu teori yang berfungsi untuk menjelaskan, meramalkan, dan mengontrol suatu gejala. Penelitian ini menganalisis Kegagalan Konstruksi dari Perspektif Socio – Engineering System. Pengaruh Socio – Engineering System terhadap kegagalan kontruksi dan bangunan sangat beresiko ( 66,7 %) dalam artinya perilaku manusia memiliki peranan yang cukup berarti dalam kegagalan konstruksi. Kegagalan konstruksi dilihat dari perspektif socio engineering system yang berpengaruh yaitu pada tahap perencanaan, dokumen perencanaan dan proses pengadaan. Pada tahap ini faktor yang dapat mengakibatkan kegagalan kontruksi, seperti persaingan yang tidak sehat ,korupsi, kolusi, nepotisme, (KKN) dan penyuapan agar memenangkan tender Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa (90,00 % ), Terjadinya persekongkolan dengan Owner untuk mengatur harga penawaran diluar prosedur pengadaan(80,00 %), Keinginan Owner untuk meraih keuntungan yang tidak normal ( Fee Proyek ) dengan menekan imbalan jasa dari konsultan Perencana / Kontraktor diluar kontrak yang telah disepakati (76,7%).Kata Kunci : Analisis kegagalan konstruksi, socio – engineering system, resiko, sikap, prilaku
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