Dissipation affects all real-world physical systems and often induces energy or particle loss, limiting the efficiency of processes. Dissipation can also lead to the formation of dissipative structures or induce quantum decoherence. Quantum decoherence and dissipation are critical for quantum information processing. On the one hand, such effects can make achieving quantum computation much harder, but on the other hand, dissipation can promote quantum coherence and offer control over the system. It is the latter avenuehow dissipation can be exploited to promote coherence in a quantum system -that is explored in this work. We report the exploration of dissipation in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of spin-2 87 Rb atoms. Through experiments and numerical simulations, we show that spin-dependent particle dissipation can give rise to quantum coherence and lead to the spontaneous formation of a magnetic eigenstate. Although the interactions between the atomic spins are not ferromagnetic, the spin-dependent dissipation enhances the synchronization of the relative phases among five magnetic sublevels, and this effects promotes magnetization.Dissipation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the real world: Moving objects exposed to friction ultimately stop dissipating kinetic energy into the surrounding environment. With regard to the present experiment using cold atoms, loss of atoms from the trap is inevitable. However, dissipation induces not only energy or particle loss but also various interesting effects, such as quantum decoherence [1] and the formation of a reproducible steady state, called dissipative structures [2], by the exchange of energy and particles with the environment.A deeper understanding of the role of dissipation leads to a deeper understanding of physical system. For example, the loss of quantum coherence of a superposition state of a quantum system lies at the heart of the fundamental question of how a classical world, in which a coherent superposition of macroscopic states is never observed, can be derived from quantum mechanics [1]. The simplest model that can be used to study this question is a quantum two-state model in which the two states are coupled to an infinite set of quantum harmonic oscillators [3]. Such coupling generates fluctuations in the system and leads to dissipation and decoherence; in this model dissipation and decoherence are associated.The question of quantum decoherence is also of great significance for practical applications such as quantum information processing [4]. From a computational point of view, although energy dissipation is fundamentally required for computation to discard information, dissipation and decoherence are major obstacles to realizing quantum computation because they disrupt quantum mechanical interference between different computational trajectories [5]. On the other hand, dissipation sometimes has the completely opposite effect of promoting quantum coherence; thus, such dissipation can be used as a new control strategy for quantum systems and as a useful res...
We demonstrate modulation of the effective interaction between the magnetic sublevels of the hyperfine spin F = 1 in a 87 Rb Bose-Einstein condensate by Rabi coupling with radio-frequency (rf) field. The use of the F = 1 manifold enables us to observe the long-term evolution of the system owing to the absence of inelastic collisional losses. We observe that the evolution of the density distribution reflects the change in the effective interaction between atoms due to rf coupling. We also realize a miscibility-to-immiscibility transition in the magnetic sublevels of m = ±1 by quenching the rf field. Rf-induced interaction modulation in long-lived states as demonstrated here will facilitate the study of out-of-equilibrium quantum systems.PACS numbers:
An improved spatial magnetometer using a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate of 87 Rb atoms is realized utilizing newly developed two-polarization phase contrast imaging. The optical shot noise is suppressed by carefully choosing the probe parameters. We attain a dc-magnetic field sensitivity of 7.7 pT/ √ Hz over a measurement area of 28 µm 2 . The attained sensitivity per unit area is superior to that for other modern low-frequency magnetometers with micrometer-order spatial resolution.This result is a promising step for realizing quantum-enhanced magnetometry surpassing classical methods.
Dissipation is a ubiquitous phenomenon, and it is important to understand its role in non-equilibrium dynamics. In the quantum systems, dissipation often reduce the coherence of the quantum states. But sometimes, it induces completely different effects than the decoherence. For example, strong dissipation can be used to suppress the loss [1] and control the quantum state [2] and quantum phase transition [3].
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