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We evaluated microbial viability in preparations packaged for single use only which mandate that residual solution be discarded such as albumin and globulin preparations as blood products, preparations containing albumin (such as urokinase and interferon), fat emulsions, and a preparation containing fat emulsions (propofol). In most preparations, Serratia marcescens and Burkholderia cepacia proliferated rapidly at 30 degrees C. However, in globulin preparations containing 1-2.25% glycine to prevent protein degradation (Gamma-Venin P, Venilon-I, Globulin Injection, and Ahlbulin), no growth of S. marcescens and B. cepacia was detected over 24 h at 30 degrees C. For globulin preparations containing 1-2.25% glycine, the injunction to "Discard residual solution after the package has been used" in the package inserts can be revised to "It is possible to use residual solution within 24 h after the package has been used with storage in a cool place."

A number'of wastewater treatment processes have been analyzed for possible benefit in using waste heat from co-located steam-electric power plants. Three levels of treatment standards were considered, ranging from secondary treatment to stricter tertiary requirements which involve nutrient removal. Three sizes of plants were also analyzed,

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Without the addition of albumin, 0.0125 0.1 (125 1,000 ppm) sodium hypochlorite and 0.012 (120 ppm) dichloroisocyanurate killed Clostridium di‹cile spores within 5 min. In the presence of 0.1 albumin, 0.0125 0.02 sodium hypochlorite and 0.012 dichloroisocyanurate did not show adequate sporicidal activity even after 60 min contact, whereas 0.05 0.1 sodium hypochlorite killed the spores within 5 min. These results indicate the excellent sporicidal eŠects of 0.0125 0.1 sodium hypochlorite and 0.012 dichloroisocyanurate on C. di‹cile spores in the absence of soil (organic matter). These results also show the excellent sporicidal eŠects of 0.05 0.1 sodium hypochlorite on C. di‹cile spores even in the presence of soil.