X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to examine the chemical states of fluorine in the glasses of composition xCaF2(50 – x)CaO · 50SiO2 (x = 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mol %) and xCaF2(50 – x/2)CaO(50 – x/2)SiO2 (x = 5, 10, 15, and 20 mol %). The analysis of the F1s spectra indicated that Ca2+ and F- ions introduced as CaF2 are favorably located among the Si–O skeleton forming Ca–F clusters. The fraction of the bridging and nonbridging oxygen atoms was derived from the O1s spectra, and the network of the fluorine-containing glasses was concluded to depend only on the ratio CaO/SiO2.

Expressive behaviors based on body motions are one of the useful methods that social robots present their emotional states toward users. On the other hand, some psychological research found age dependence on emotion identification in human facial expressions. In order to investigate this dependence in affective body expressions of robots, a psychological experiment was conducted in Japan, by using a small-sized humanoid robot on which three types of affective motion expression (anger, sadness, and pleasure) were implemented. The results of the experiment, which consisted of seventeen university student subjects and fifteen elder subjects, showed differences between younger and elder subjects on emotion identification, body parts paid attention to, and impressions of motion speed and magnitude for these affective body motions of the robot. Moreover, the results suggested correlations between the accuracy of emotion identification and cognitive bias to the robot's specific body motion parts. Based on these results, the paper discusses about some implications in human-robot interaction research.T. Nomura ( )

No abstract

Body motion expression is one of the useful methods that robots present their emotional states toward users. Since emotions themselves have cultural dependency, however, it is estimated that effects of affective body motions depend on users' demographic factors such as gender and age. In order to clarify this dependence, a psychological experiment was conducted to investigate age differences on evaluation of affective body motions which were implemented into a small-sized humanoid robot. The results showed differences between younger and elder people on identification of emotions, body parts paid attention to, and impression of motion speed and magnitude for the affective body motions of the robot. The paper also discusses about the implications.

The growth of superconducting Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO thin films was examined. Films with various thicknesses between 100-3000 Å were prepared on MgO(100) substrates by sputter deposition and subsequent rapid annealing. The obtained films were c-axis oriented superconducting thin films with a 2223 phase and zero resistivity at 100-105 K. The ultrathin film of thickness 200 Å showed zero resistivity at 100 K and had a critical current density (J c ) of about 8 × 10 5 A cm −2 at 77 K whilst in a zero magnetic field. This film displayed a J c of 7 × 10 5 A cm −2 at 77 K under a 1 T magnetic field applied parallel to the film surface and perpendicular to the current direction. J c decreased very slightly in a low magnetic field (0-0.1 T) and no hysteresis was observed in the J c -B curve. The film also showed little degradation of J c in magnetic fields of up to 3 T.