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In the present day, numerous researchers have paid more attention to the dyeing and finishing quality of environmentally friendly textile products in the world because the lack of outstanding products is an alarming problem. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to treat the fabric with cellulase enzymes to improve the dyeing and finishing quality. The effects of varying chemical concentrations, temperatures, and processing times were examined in the model and different process parameters were optimized in the preparation biosingeing process. The results of the Box–Behnken design were obtained as R2 = 0.7243, 0.9027, and 0.9966 for optimum absorbency, weight loss, and tensile strength, respectively. The treated fabric was analyzed using FTIR to know the unknown functional group and the chemical bonds on the fabric molecule. Testing of physical properties of the treated fabric was done and the result was comparable with other untreated fabrics. The treated fabric performance was studied at 40, 50, and 60 minutes and at temperatures of 30, 55, and 80°C. The experimental investigation has been carried out to determine the effect of biosingeing on different physical parameters, such as the tensile strength of treated cotton fabric (437 N), which was almost similar to that of the untreated fabric (443 N), with almost no significant differences. K/S value for the biosingeing fabric of treated fabric was 17.58, but the that of the untreated fabric was 15.6, which was significantly different. Thus, the enzymatically treated fabric is of good quality because the protruding fiber was removed in biosingeing process. This ecofriendly singeing preparatory process is an alternative process for terry towel fabrics.

The textile fiber market is dominated by synthetic fibers and costly natural fibers. The dual perspective with regards to finding substitutes for costly natural fibers and disadvantages due to environmental burden cum health problems by synthetic fibers need to be addressed as both entail sustainable improvement of the textile industry. The potential route for tackling such problems is utilizing unlimited plant resources in developing countries like Ethiopia. The objective of this study is to extract, characterize, and chemically treated xanthium oriental bast fiber extracted from the plant using the conventional water retting method. In the invitation, the experimental design was based on Central Composite Design (CCD) method, and treatment parameters were selected, specifically NaOH concentration, and treatment temperature. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the significance of the results. The chemical composition analysis revealed 72% cellulose, 18% hemicellulose, and 10% lignin. Xanthium oriental fiber has a diameter of 26.85 μm, a fineness of 1.76tex, and a length of 110–145 cm with reduced values for fiber treated at different alkali concentrations. The moisture content of the extracted fiber was 12.74%. The raw fiber sample showed lower crimp (1.04%) as compared with those treated at different caustic soda concentrations. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to analyze the changes in surface, weight loss, and composition of xanthium oriental bast fiber treated with alkali under optimum conditions compared with untreated to obtain a deeper insight into the influential mechanisms of alkali treatment.