Background: Nitric Oxide is involved in several physiological processes, including vasodilation, blood pressure control, platelet and antileucocyte activity, and neurotoxicity. When given within 4 to 6 hours after the start of stroke, nitric oxide donors (NO donors) have shown promise as an acute stroke therapy in two clinical studies. Methods: People with acute or chronic stroke were included in randomized trials of NO donors, and IPD was obtained from the trialists. The changed Rankin scale (mRS) and mortality by point in time to randomization were used to evaluate the impact of NO donor organize on practical result. Impairment, mood, and life quality were all included as secondary outcomes. Results: Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was used in all five studies (4,197 individuals). GTN reduced BP by 7.4/3.3mmHg as compare to the organize set. After 90 days, GTN has not altered any clinical measurements in any way, shape, or form. While GTN was linked with positive changes in the mRS (odds ratio (OR) of 0.52, 95% self-assurance gap of 0.34–0.78) and decreased mortality in 312 patients who were randomly assigned within 6 hours of the start of stroke, this was not the case for the other patients in the study. Conclusions: Little donors had no effect on the recovery of stroke victims. NO donors, on the other hand, may enhance outcomes in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke when specified in six hours of the start of stroke. Keywords: drugs, nitric oxide, Glyceryl trinitrate, acute cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, pharmacology

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According to World Health Organization, in the global tuberculosis ranking Pakistan is in 5th position. Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium is responsible for this dreadful disease, but there are other nontuberculous mycobacteria species that could also be the possible cause of this disease. Scanty data is available on the incidence and distribution of species responsible for this infection. Local studies on non-tuberculous mycobacterium species would be of great support in targeted therapy. Methods: This study was designed to investigate the incidence and distribution of non-tuberculous mycobacteria-associated infection in pulmonary suspected tuberculosis patients. Sputum samples were processed for microscopy and culturing on Lowenstein–Jensen regardless of age and gender suspected TB patients. Positive cultures were then processed for detection of non tuberculous mycobacteria species using commercially available Geno Type Mycobacterium CM hybridization strips. Results: A total of 1560 sputum samples were tested for Mycobacteria by culturing, 215 were positive, 71 contaminated and 1274 were negative. All 215 culture positive isolates were exposed to Geno Type Mycobacterium CM kit revealed, 55 cultures as Non-tuberculous mycobacteria and 160 as Mycobacterium complex. Adults between aged 40 to 60 years and male were predominantly (61.81%) infected than females (38.18%). Conclusions: Scanty data is available about the contributions of non tuberculous mycobacteria to tuberculosis-like disease, and noteworthy geographical distribution, clinical and molecular epidemiology-related knowledge gaps exist in the areas with a high burden of disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria from clinical specimens should promptly be evaluated for their clinical significance.

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