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Neural differentiation of stem cells is an important issue in the development of the central nervous system. Different methods such as chemical stimulation with small molecules, scaffolds, and microRNA can be used for inducing the differentiation of neural stem cells. However, microfluidic systems with the potential to induce neuronal differentiation have established their reputation in the field of regenerative medicine. Organization of the microfluidic system represents a novel model that mimics the physiologic microenvironment of cells among other two-and threedimensional cell culture systems. The microfluidic system has a patterned and well-organized structure that can be combined with other differentiation techniques to provide optimal conditions for neuronal differentiation of stem cells. In this review, different methods for effective differentiation of stem cells to neuronal cells are summarized. The efficacy of microfluidic systems in promoting neuronal differentiation is also addressed.

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