Abstract.Wear is an irreversible phenomenon. Processes such as mutual sliding and rolling between materials involve entropy generation. These processes are monotonic with respect to time. The concept of entropy generation is further quantified using Degradation Entropy Generation theorem formulated by Michael D. Bryant. The sliding-wear model can be extrapolated to different instances in order to further provide a potential analysis of machine prognostics as well as system and process reliability for various processes besides even mere mechanical processes. In other words, using the concept of 'entropy generation' and wear, one can quantify the reliability of a system with respect to time using a thermodynamic variable, which is the basis of this paper. Thus in the present investigation, a unique attempt has been made to establish correlation between entropy-wear-reliability which can be useful technique in preventive maintenance.

This paper aimed to implement a Digital Twin Additive Reconstruction tool to create an explicit characterization of layer-by-layer 3D printed parts in CAD software. While there have been previous approaches to 3D printed CAD reconstruction, they have either faced shortcomings in depicting the internal structure accurately or have had accurate depictions of internal structure at the cost of computational time, multiple software interfaces, and complicated workflows. The novelty of our approach lies in outlining a principle of digital twin reconstruction that can be applied to multiple CAD software while keeping a separate universal G-Code Parser module written in Python script. The later module can be adapted to any CAD interface in principle. Our method tried to maintain a simple workflow without compromising the accuracy of internal structure yet preserves the integrity of the reconstructed module per CAD interface without loss of information. Moreover, the user can reduce the computational time by excluding the Boolean Union operation if necessary and selectively reconstruct and union just specific layers upon specifying the layer numbers in our algorithm.