The authors set out to determine average representative unit hydrographs (UHs) for the upper Kumbhi basin and the Dhamani basin in Maharashtra, India, from selected isolated storms. They developed an innovative approach using dimensional analysis techniques to establish an empirical model to determine synthetic UH (SUH) parameters for the upper Kumbhi basin. This method was used to select proper empirical relationships for SUH analysis for the ungauged basins with similar hydrological conditions. Results were then compared with the results obtained by other methods as well as the observed UH. To calibrate and validate the model's performance, the authors next applied the model to the Dhamani basin. Findings indicated that the peak discharge computed using the dimensional analysis technique provided minimum percentage error (–9.272%) and that the shape of the hydrograph matched the observed UH provided by the other methods.

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Soil has been used for the treatment of wastewater from long time ago. Domestic wastewater treatment and disposal is the serious problem our country is facing nowadays. If not treated it further pollutes the rivers. In villages or rural areas where centralized wastewater treatment is not possible because of the scattered houses, a decentralized treatment unit needs to be installed. Multi Soil Layering system is such a decentralized treatment used for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The main objective of this study is to investigate the experimental setup of Multi Soil layering system for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The prefabricated acrylic material model of dimension 50cm (L) x 20cm (W) x 60cm (D) was used for the experimental analysis. The potential of the MSL for removal of pollutants from wastewater by changing the operating conditions like flow rate, aeration and non aeration condition was studied. The MSL system proved to be efficient for treatment of domestic wastewater. The study revealed that the flow rate of 0.2 m 3 /m 2 /day with aeration condition was efficient for treating domestic wastewater by Multi Soil Layering System. For Flow rate of 0.2 m 3 /m 2 /day, the average inlet and outlet ph was observed pH 6.75 and 7.59. The percent removal was as follows:

Abstract

India is a country of villages with 68.84% of the total population living in rural areas. The villagers are lagging in their developments due to the scarcity of water. Hence in this study, it was decided to find out the technique of water conservation which will sustain in rural areas and to compile the results by applying the model which will work for this. Considering the topographical features of a small plot of area two hectares of Kaneri watershed situated in Kolhapur District, Maharashtra, the structures for water conservation had been implemented in it in June 2011. The structures included gully plugs on existing water stream followed by the farm pond at its end along with farm terraces and continuous contour trenches surrounding the water stream. The practical evidence proved the positive impact of water conservation structures on water conservation and groundwater recharge. For assessing this impact technically for ungauged Kaneri watershed, SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) Model was used in the study and both the results were compiled. From the model results, the sediment yield and water yield showed expected impact on the watershed. Thus, the SWAT model proved to be an effective tool in assessing the impact of changes in land management on runoff and sediment yield.