No abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:In acute STEMI, due to activation of the Baro receptors, there is activation of the sympathetic nervous system. This leads to release of hormones like vasopressin and also activation of renin angiotensin system. Magnitude of this neurohormonal change is related to the severity of the myocardial damage. Hyponatremia is a reflection of these hormonal changes. So serum Na+ level may be an indicator of the severity of ST elevation MI (STEMI). The aim of this study is to evaluate in hospital prognosis of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction with Hyponatremia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective observational study was conducted in patients presenting with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction admitted in ICCU, Basaveshwar Teaching and General Hospital, Gulbarga attached to Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College during the period of Jan 2013 to July 2014.Qualifying patients underwent detailed history and clinical examination. Plasma sodium concentrations were obtained on admission and at 24, 48 and 72 hours thereafter. Study population were grouped into two groups, 50 patients with hyponatraemia were included in Group-I and 50 patients with normal plasma sodium level were in Group-II. Hyponatremia defined as plasma sodium level less than 135 mmol/L. In hospital outcome of these two groups of patients were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: The hypo and normo natremic groups were comparable with respect to baseline characteristics and in-hospital management. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the incidence of risk factors of IHD. Hyponatremics had higher rates of in-hospital mortality (24%vs 6%p<0.01) composite of death, heart failure (72% vs. 36%, p=0.05) and arrhythmias (30% vs 6% p<0.01) Anterior myocardial infarction was more frequent in patients with hyponatremia, who showed advanced Killip class. After adjustment for covariates, hyponatremia was independently correlated with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: Hyponatremia on admission in patients with acute ST Elevation MI is a strong independent predictor of prognosis and sodium levels may serve as a simple marker to identify patient at high risk.

No abstract

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Hepatitis Band C viruses (HBV and HCV) are the three most common chronic viral infections documented worldwide. [1,2] These viruses have similar routes of transmission, namely through blood and blood products, sharing of needles to inject drugs and sexual activity, enabling co-infection with these viruses a common event. [3-5] HBV and HCV co-infections in HIV positive individuals is of utmost importance due to the underlying consequences such as the hepatological problems associated with these viruses, which have been shown to decrease the life expectancy in the HIV-infected patients. [5] OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: To know the sero-positivity of Anti HCV and HbsAg in HIV positive patients. To compare it with the prevalence of Anti HCV and HbsAg positivity in normal persons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on patients who were admitted to BTGH GULBARGA, meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria between 1-12-2012 to 31-5-2014, 110 patients infected with HIV were taken into the study. The patients belonged to both sexes and age range from 12 to 49 years. Detailed patient data including age, occupation, relevant history, examination finding were noted using prepared proforma and investigations like cbc, HIV, HbsAg, Anti HCV, LFT, were done and reports analyzed. 100 HIV negative persons with age and sex matched were taken as controls OBSERVATION: Out of 110 HIV positive patients 71 [64.54%] were males and 39 [35.46%] were males. In both sexes maximum number of cases was present in 40-49 years age group. Males 23.63% and females 11.81%. Out of 110 HIV positive patients 14(12.72%) were positive to HbsAg and 5(4.54%) were positive for Anti HCV. None of them were positive to both HbsAg and Anti HCV Among the HIV positive patients HbsAg was seen more in age group 30-39yr(6) followed by 40-49yr (4) years of age, showing co-infection is more common in sexually active age group. Males were more positive to HbsAg than females.57.14% for males and 42.85.% for females. Maximum number of cases of HbsAg positive were in age group 20-29 in males (21.4%) and 40 49yr age group for females (2.8%]. Maximum number of Anti HCV antibody positive patients were in age group 30-39 (3) followed by 40-49 (1) age group. This study shows the prevalence of HbsAg in HIV negative healthy individuals is 5% compared to 12 % for those in HIV positive patients. Anti HCV antibody was nil in controls compare to 4.54% in study group. This shows that HbsAg and Anti HCV antibodies are more common in patients having HIV infection.