Aim The aim of this overview is to identify and collate evidence from existing published systematic review (SR) articles evaluating various methodological approaches used at each stage of an SR. Methods The search was conducted in five electronic databases from inception to November 2020 and updated in February 2022: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and APA PsycINFO. Title and abstract screening were performed in two stages by one reviewer, supported by a second reviewer. Full‐text screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal were performed by two reviewers independently. The quality of the included SRs was assessed using the AMSTAR 2 checklist. Results The search retrieved 41,556 unique citations, of which 9 SRs were deemed eligible for inclusion in final synthesis. Included SRs evaluated 24 unique methodological approaches used for defining the review scope and eligibility, literature search, screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal in the SR process. Limited evidence supports the following (a) searching multiple resources (electronic databases, handsearching, and reference lists) to identify relevant literature; (b) excluding non‐English, gray, and unpublished literature, and (c) use of text‐mining approaches during title and abstract screening. Conclusion The overview identified limited SR‐level evidence on various methodological approaches currently employed during five of the seven fundamental steps in the SR process, as well as some methodological modifications currently used in expedited SRs. Overall, findings of this overview highlight the dearth of published SRs focused on SR methodologies and this warrants future work in this area.

Self-etching primers produce less enamel colour change compared to conventional etching. Resin Modified GIC produces least colour change compared to other light cure and chemical cure systems. Polishing following the clean-up procedure reduces the colour change of the enamel.

To evaluate enamel colour change over a period of one year after the completion of fixed appliance treatment and to assess the influence of two different clean-up procedures and the resulting surface roughness. Materials and methods: Seventeen orthodontic patients were debonded and the residual resin removed using tungsten carbide burs followed by enamel polishing with Stainbuster burs or Sof-Lex discs in a split mouth design. A spectrophotometric colour evaluation was performed after clean-up (T0), polishing (T1), and one year later (T2). Colour parameters were measured and enamel colour change (ΔE) was calculated. Surface roughness was determined at T1 and T2 using epoxy replicas. Data were analysed using paired and unpaired t-tests and Pearson's correlation. Results: Significant differences in colour change and surface roughness caused by the polishing techniques at T1 were observed. However, this difference was not evident at T2 (p ˂ 0.05). Surface roughness and colour change showed no significant correlation. Conclusion: Enamel colour changed significantly when evaluated at T2 (one year post-orthodontic treatment). Stainbuster burs resulted in brighter and smoother teeth immediately after orthodontic treatment. The colour and surface roughness were not significantly different after one year and had no significant correlation.

relationships in mixed dentition patients treated with rapid maxillary expansion. A prospective clinical study. Angle Orthod 2010;80:230-8. 8. Zimmerman DW. A note on preliminary tests of equality of variances. Br J Math Stat Psychol 2004;57:173-81. Rapid palatal expansion, with and without alternating constriction W e read the article "Effect of maxillary protraction with alternating rapid palatal expansion and constriction vs expansion alone in maxillary retrusive patients: a single-center, randomized controlled trial" in the October 2015 issue with great interest. 1 The study compared the effects of facemask protraction combined with alternating rapid palatal expansion and constriction (Alt-RPE/C) vs rapid palatal expansion alone in maxillary retrusive patients and concluded that Alt-RPE/C with maxillary protraction positively affects the forward movement of the maxilla compared with rapid palatal expansion alone. The confounding factors such as age and sex were not mentioned in the article.Whereas we do accept that this study was a welldesigned randomized control trial providing considerable evidence for clinicians to adopt the new expansion regimen, we request the authors to consider the following.1. In this study, the achievement of a positive overjet was the treatment completion criterion. The authors concluded that Alt-RPE/C with maxillary protraction might result in a greater orthopedic-orthodontic Table II. Initial age, distribution of the Michigan and Bauru subjects among the evaluated groups, sex distribution between the Michigan and Bauru subjects and among evaluated groups Variable Michigan Bauru P Initial age, Michigan 3 Bauru subjects (y), Mean (SD) 8.68 (60.75) 8.71 (60.97) 0.873* Group 1A, Michigan 3 Bauru subjects (%) 60 40 0.869 y Group 2A, Michigan 3 Bauru subjects (%) 70.8 29.2 Group 2B, Michigan 3 Bauru subjects (%) 65.6 34.4 Group 3A, Michigan 3 Bauru subjects (%) 66.2 33.8 Male Female P Michigan subjects, male 3 female (%) 58.4 41.6 0.091 y Bauru subjects, male 3 female (%) 44.4 55.6 Group 1A, male 3 female (%) 63.3 36.7 0.106 y Group 2A, male 3 female (%) 45.8 54.2 Group 2B, male 3 female (%) 68.7 31.3 Group 3A, male 3 female (%) 46.3 53.7 *t tests.; y chi-square.

Posttreatment and retention outcomes with and without periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics assessed using ABO objective grading system. APOS Trends Orthod 2016;6:194. backgRound Recent research has focused on the acceleration of orthodontic treatment, and periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) is one such method claiming to decrease the treatment time significantly. In addition to this, it has also proven its efficacy in maintaining the stability of lower incisors posttreatment. Hence, this article was designed to study the overall stability, according to American Board of Orthodontics-Objective Grading System (ABO-OGS) system, following PAOO. aIMThe aim is to determine the difference in the retention following PAOO in comparison to conventional orthodontic treatment.