Background: Land snails, especially the chocolate banded snails, Eobania vermiculata are destructive pests of a wide range of field and vegetable crops. New pesticides in different pesticides groups were used against the adults and eggs of chocolate banded snail, E. vermiculata under laboratory conditions. These pesticides include indoxacarb, abamectin, and spiromesifen. Other two pesticides were used against the eggs as ovicides. These two pesticides are imidacloprid and fipronil. Results: The obtained results showed that indoxacarb was the most effective against the adults of E. vermiculata followed by abamectin and spiromesifen. The LC 50 's were 58.6, 83.3, and 280.9 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, the recommended field rate of both fipronil and imidacloprid sharply decreased the hatchability percentage to 22.7 and 16.2%, respectively, compared with 96.3% in control. Conclusion: These results cleared that indoxacarb and abamectin can be used as promising molluscicides against the adults of E. vermiculata especially in the conventional crops such as wheat and imidacloprid and fipronil can be used as soil treatment against the eggs of E. vermiculata.

Background The conventional pesticide formulations have many side effects on environmental. These effects were due to the huge quantity of pesticides used. Using of nanopesticide formulations can be reduced the quantity of pesticides used and subsequently decreased the cost of pest control and environment contamination. Results Indoxacarb and imidacloprid nanoparticles were developed. The size of nanoparticles ranged between 200 and 400 nm. The obtained results showed that the percentage of mortalities in second instar larvae of Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis were 95 and 75% in indoxacarb and imidacloprid nanoparticles, respectively. On the other hand, these percentages were 76.7 and 91.7%, respectively, with conventional formulations. In spite of one fifth of pesticide concentrations were used in nanoformulations, the LC50, s in nanoformulations were 2.9 and 15.9 ppm for indoxacarb and imidacloprid, respectively, compared to 34.3 and 66.5 in conventional formulation. The loading capacity in both indoxacarb nanoparticle and imidacloprid nanoparticle were 60.7 and 52.0%, respectively. Conclusion These results found that indoxacarb and imidacloprid nanoparticles were 12 and 4 times, respectively, more effective than indoxacarb and imidacloprid conventional formulations against the second instar larvae of S. littoralis. These results also showed that indoxacarb and imidacloprid nanoparticles can be used as effective formulations against the cotton leafworm larvae instead of the conventional formulation to reduce the environment contamination, control cost and pest population.

Laboratory bioassay showed that the conventional pesticide, lambda-cyhalothrin, was more effective than thiamethoxam and buprofezin when tested against the newly hatched larvae of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). The LC 50 of thiamethoxam, buprofezin and lambda-cyhalothrin was 5.9, 87.5 and 4.9 ppm, respectively. When the synergism agent, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), was combined with the tested pesticides, the toxicity of all pesticides was increased and the LC 50 was decreased to 1.4, 15.1 and 2.6, respectively. Some biological aspects (larval duration, pupal stage, number of eggs laid per female and percent of hatchability) were affected by buprofezin treatment more than thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin. A field experiment showed that lambda-cyhalothrin was the most effective when compared to thiamethoxam and buprofezin. The percentage of reduction in pink bollworm infestation to cotton bolls by using lambda-cyhalothrin, thiamethoxam and buprofezin was 85.7, 39.3 and 19.5%, respectively, during 2009 cotton season, and 80.1, 64.7 and 39.1%, respectively, during 2010 cotton season. These results suggested that lambda-cyhalothrin is the most effective pesticide against the pink bollworm larvae. And also, buprofezin has a good role in incidence of disturbance in developmental process. In addition, the use of synergistic agent PBO has a good role in increasing toxicity of all the tested pesticides especially with thiamethoxam.

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Background: Two lipid synthesis inhibitors compounds (spiromesifen SPM and spirotetramat SPT) were used against the second instar larvae of cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis under laboratory condition. Toxicity of both compounds was tested. Effect of these insecticides on total lipid also was determined. Results: The obtained results showed that both compounds were moderately toxic against the second instar larvae of S. littoralis. The mortality percentages caused by the field rate of spiromesifen and spirotetramat were 51.7 and 60.0%, respectively. The lethal concentrations for 50% of tested insect population (LC 50) were 170.1 and 42.2 ppm, respectively. The total lipid content was determined in treated larvae and compared with the untreated. The percentage of total lipid in spiromesifen-and spirotetramat-treated larvae was 2.17 and 2.21%, respectively, compared with 2.42% in untreated larvae. GC/MS also was used in identification of fatty acids composition of S. littoralis larvae. Conclusion: The results cleared that 13 fatty acids were identified in S. littoralis larvae. The obtained results showed significant difference in percentages of fatty acids with both treated and untreated larvae and also, between tested compounds. Some fatty acids were existed in untreated larvae but not existed in treated larvae.