Objectives:The optimum zirconia bonding protocol have been always a mystery to be solved throughout the past years. The purpose of this review is to go through the innumerable surface treatment methods and protocols concerned with the both internal and external zirconia surface treatment.Study selection, Data and Sources: An electronic Pubmed, Medline and Google scholar search was done to attain In-vitro studies on zirconia surface treatments published in english, with time frame between 2013 and 2020.Results: Hundred thirty-two in vitro studies and systematic reviews were surveyed in this appraisal. Numerous techniques were used for zirconia surface modifications, these methodologies were categorized and grouped in this review according to the surface modified. Laboratory test studies discuss internal surface treatments including micro-mechanical bonding, chemical bonding and external surface treatment including different core surface treatment, glazing and polishing.
Conclusions:With respect to the heterogeneity of the included studies; the internal surface treatment, most of the included studies verified the air particle abrasion as the generally approved micro-mechanical topographic modification protocol. Other internal surface treatment protocols as chemical etching showed promising results in laboratory studies with inadequacy of clinical application.The external surface studies verified different methods over others. However, self-glazed zirconia studies are scarce.
The study's objective was to assess the clinical behavior of monolithic zirconia crowns with two different margin designs in terms of fracture during a one-year period. Forty-four posterior endodontically treated molars received full coverage monolithic crowns. The teeth were separated into two groups depending on the margin design: the control group (RS) had a rounded shoulder finish-line while the intervention group (F) had a feather-edge finish-line. An intra-oral scan was used for the full coverage restorations, which were designed using open source software and machined on a 5 axis machine. The crowns were sandblasted and cemented with conventional glass ionomer cement. The modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria were used to assess clinical behavior in terms of fracture following cementation. The grades were immediately taken after cementation and at three consecutive three-month follow-up assessments over the course of a year. In terms of restoration fractures, all three follow-up examinations yielded a perfect Alpha score of 100 percent for each group. (P<0.05) There was no statistically significant difference between the control (RS) and intervention (F) groups. In this one-year randomized clinical investigation, all of the crowns assessed were clinically successful, with no signs of fractures.
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