The potential impact of climate change on disease development was evaluated using mathematical modelling. Disease forecasting systems for late blight of potato [Phytophthora infestans], apple scab [Venturia inaequalis], and cercospora blight of carrot [Cercospora carotae] were selected to evaluate their relevance in predicting future events related to climate change. In general, if these models are to be valid for such predictions, they must predict adequately actual field observations. Many of the forecasting systems developed a few years ago are in need of updating. Disease forecasting systems using nonlinear responses to temperature and leaf wetness offer more potential to represent the impact of climate change and variability on disease epidemiology. Résumé : L'impact possible des changements climatiques sur le développement des maladies a été estimé à l'aide de modèles mathématiques. Les systèmes de prévision de maladie pour le mildiou de la pomme de terre [Phytophthora infestans], la tavelure du pommier [Venturia inaequalis] et la brûlure cercosporéenne de la carotte [Cercospora carotae] ont été choisis afin d'évaluer leur capacité à prédire les évènements futurs en relation avec les changements climatiques. En général, si ces modèles se veulent des instruments valables pour de telles prédictions, ils doivent prédire adéquatement les observations réelles au champ. Plusieurs des systèmes de prévision développés il y a quelques années ont besoin d'une mise à jour. Les systèmes de prévision de maladie qui se servent de réponses non linéaires à la température et à la mouillure des feuilles ont une capacité plus élevée à représenter l'impact des changements et de la variabilité du climat sur l'épidémiologie des maladies.
Focusing on Ouranos' ongoing V&I&A projects in coastal regions, we describe the current knowledge-transfer environment. We also discuss how climate indices and indicators of vulnerability -which are developed by Ouranos following a 'pressure-state-response' (PSR) framework -form useful knowledge-transfer tools. Two specific case studies exemplify the development of (1) a set of temperature-trend indices for southern Québec and (2) climate-social indicators for the assessment of risks to public health due to extremely high temperature events. Case Study (1) illustrates how a systematic analysis of climate variability and relevant indices of extremes can be useful for decision makers at regional scales (southern Québec). Case Study (2) examines the potential, and feasibility, of using a risk-assessment framework for regional climate-change studies that focus on impacts and adaptation.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.