We report results from an oyster hatchery on the Oregon coast, where intake waters experienced variable carbonate chemistry (aragonite saturation state , 0.8 to . 3.2; pH , 7.6 to . 8.2) in the early summer of 2009. Both larval production and midstage growth (, 120 to , 150 mm) of the oyster Crassostrea gigas were significantly negatively correlated with the aragonite saturation state of waters in which larval oysters were spawned and reared for the first 48 h of life. The effects of the initial spawning conditions did not have a significant effect on early-stage growth (growth from D-hinge stage to , 120 mm), suggesting a delayed effect of water chemistry on larval development.

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A high-frequency (67 kHz) acoustical scintillation experiment was carried out in the northern entrance to Hood Canal, Puget Sound, WA. This experiment made use of a 4-transmitter and 4-receiver array configured as a T-shape. The two-dimensional feature of this array was designed to measure both along-channel small-scale properties as a result of advection and vertical properties as a result of refraction from temperature/salinity stratification. Sampling was carried out at 5 Hz for all transmitters so as to understand the turbulent effects of the medium on acoustic scattering. This experiment tested if acoustical scintillation techniques can be extended to long distances (2380 m) and in deep (100 m) coastal channels having strong tidal currents and temperature/salinity stratification. With the longer path lengths and stable stratification, acoustic propagation resulted in multipath arrivals which were separable for most of the measurement period. In order to study the oceanographic effects on the direct path signal at 20-m depth and the upward refracted signal into the surface mixed layer, a maximum likelihood estimation algorithm is developed that tracks the two paths and calculates amplitude, phase, and travel time for each. [Experiment was carried out by SAIC of Bellevue, WA, and student support was from the University of Georgia.]