We describe a new method to allow simultaneous mapping of endothelial permeability and blood volume in intracranial lesions. The technique is based on a tumor leakage profile during the first pass (fp) of contrast bolus calculated from the time-dependent plasma-contrast concentration function (PCCF) in three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted dynamic studies. The performance of the method has been evaluated by comparing results with those obtained from more conventional methods in patients with primary brain neoplasms. The new permeability maps (k fp ) are visually compatible with those calculated using a conventional multicompartment model (k tran ). Quantitatively, the new maps are free from overestimation of k tran due to first-pass effects. The new blood volume maps, which segment out the contamination of contrast leakage, agree closely with maps derived from susceptibility studies. The new method is fast, robust, and easy to perform. The method is suitable for use in clinical environments and is likely to be of benefit where longitudinal assessment of treatment response is required.

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(1960) Moore, 1967;Juret, Hayem, and Flaisler, 1964;Kumaoka, Abe, Sakauchi, Takatani, and Kusama, 1966).The foundation of such developments has been empirical. Few (1961). For the final extraction ethylene dichloride was used. Results were expressed in terms of dehydroepiandrosterone. The methods used to measure the urinary excretions of total 11-DOOS and of aetiocholanolone were closely modelled on those of Bulbrook's laboratory (Thomas and . All Zimmerman colorimetry differed from the practice in the latter in that organic base was used in place of potassium hydroxide (James and De Jong, 1961;Ahlquist, 1967). We believe that the consequent differences in chromogenicity would lead to no more than a minor discrepancy. Towards the end of the clinical work a cross-check was made with Bulbrook's laboratory, the results showing a good measure of agreement (unpublished data). In brief, urine was successively subjected to solvent extraction, glucuronidase hydrolysis, solvolysis, and paper chromatography. Divided aliquots of eluted 11-DOOS were estimated by (a) the Zimmerman reaction (for total 11-DOOS) and (b) gas chromatography (for aetiocholanolone: proportionality calculation).We have examined urine from 37 normal women, 63 cases of early breast cancer, and 107 cases of late breast cancer. The normal subjects were paramedical workers and their relatives and friends. Urine samples (24-hour) were taken either 10 days after mastectomy for patients having surgery in this hospital or immediately on admission here for postoperative radiotherapy, and always before x-ray artificial menopause. The late cases were initially sampled before hormone treatment or at least two weeks free of any such treatment. Observations on subsequent serial values are also presented in both early and late cases. Urine was collected without preservative, returned to the laboratory promptly, and an aliquot stored at -180 C. for brief periods, if necessary, before analysis. Stale urines were rejected.Early cases are defined as those in which treatment was given with curative intent (stages 1, 2, or 3-Manchester staging). These cases were given such surgical treatment as was thought appropriate, with local radiotherapy and x-ray artificial menopause added according to Manchester principles (Paterson and Russell, 1959a).Late cases are defined as those which by virtue of extent of local recurrence or metastatic disease were thought to be

An elderly man with carcinoma of the breast was found to have a benign interstitial‐cell tumor of the testis. His karyotype was XXY, and his urinary excretion of estriol was increased. It is concluded that the abnormal hormonal environment in the man with Klinefelter's syndrome may cause the development of both testicular interstitial‐cell tumor and of breast cancer. Chromosome and hormone studies of men with these neoplasms, and complete clinical examination of patients with Klinefelter's syndrome are desirable.