H3Africa is developing capacity for health-related genomics research in Africa

High levels of viral suppression and low prevalence of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) were seen in this cohort participating in an ART adherence study in Northern Nigeria. Self-reported good adherence and optimal Rx refill rates were reported as significant predictors of VL suppression. Our findings indicate that ART adherence will improve significantly regardless of whether HIV-infected adults received peer-education-based medication adherence interventions or standard of care services.

Most participants achieved optimal adherence (≥95%) with high virologic suppression. Strategies to sustain optimal adherence, e.g., the use of fixed dose combinations (FDCs) and comprehensive adherence counselling should be maintained.

Obesity is associated with detrimental changes in cardiovascular and metabolic parameters, including blood pressure, dyslipidemia, markers of systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance. In the elderly living with the human immunodeficiency virus (EPLHIV), and being treated with antiretroviral medications, the obesity complications escalate and expose the elderly to the risk of noncommunicable diseases. Given that over 3 million EPLHIV in sub-Sahara Africa, we assessed the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors among EPLHIV in a low-resource setting. This was a cross sectional study of EPLHIV aged 50 years and older, being treated with antiretroviral medications from 2004 to 2018. HIV treatment data collected from multiple treatment sites were analyzed. Baseline characteristics of the participants were described, and multivariable relative risk model was applied to assess the associations between obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m 2 ) and the prespecified potential risk factors. Of the 134,652 in HIV cohort, 19,566 (14.5%) were EPLHIV: 12,967 (66.3%) were normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25), 4548 (23.2%) were overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30), while 2,051 (10.5%) were obese (BMI ≥30). The average age the normal weight (57.1; standard deviation 6.6) and the obese (56.5; standard deviation 5.5) was similar. We observed that being an employed (relative risk [RR] 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48–2.00; P < .001), educated (RR 1.93; 95% CI 1.54–2.41; P < .001), and presence of hypertension (RR 1.78; 95% CI 1.44–2.20; P < .001), increased the risk of obesity. Also, being male (RR 0.38; 95% CI 0.33–0.44; P < .001), stages III/IV of the World Health Organization clinical stages of HIV (RR 0.58; 95% CI 0.50–0.68; P < .001), tenofovir-based regimen (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.73–0.96, P < .001), and low CD 4 count (RR 0.56; 95% CI 0.44–0.71; P < .001) were inversely associated with obesity. This study demonstrates that multiple factors are driving obesity prevalence in EPLHIV. The study provides vital information for policy-makers and HIV program implementers in implementing targeted-interventions to address obesity in EPLHIV. Its findings would assist in the implementation of a one-stop-shop model for the management of HIV and other comorbid medical conditions in EPLHIV.