Los modelos de índice de sitio representan una herramienta silvícola muy importante para clasificar la productividad de los bosques. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar ecuaciones dinámicas de índice de sitio derivadas, mediante el método de Diferencias Algebraicas Generalizadas (GADA), para cuatro especies de pino en la Sierra Norte del estado de Oaxaca, México. Para el ajuste de las ecuaciones se utilizaron datos de análisis de tronco de árboles de Pinus oaxacana, P. douglasiana, P. patula y P. pseudostrobus. Los árboles se seleccionaron en rodales mixtos e irregulares, intentando cubrir las diferentes calidades de estación presentes en las áreas sujetas a manejo forestal en los bosques de la Unidad de Manejo Forestal Regional 2001. Los ajustes se realizaron con el método iterativo y una estructura de error autoregresiva de tiempo continuo de segundo orden (CAR2), para corregir la autocorrelación del término del error. Los resultados indicaron que la formulación GADA del modelo de Bertalanffy-Richards puede ser utilizada para describir con precisión el índice de sitio de las cuatro especies estudiadas. La función desarrollada es polimórfica, dinámica, invariable con la edad de referencia y tiene múltiples asíntotas. El modelo genera, para las cuatro especies, estimaciones compatibles de índice de sitio y de altura dominante.
Estimating tree volume components is an essential element in sustainable forest management. Compatible taper and merchantable outside-bark volume systems based on volume ratio models were globally fitted to four pine species (reduced models) with the aim to select the best reduced model and to fit it with dummy variables and additive effects using Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl as a base species. The study was carried out in the northern mountains of Oaxaca, Mexico. To fit the taper, merchantable volume, stem volume, branch volume, and total tree volume (stem volume and branch volume) equations, a taper dataset of 222, 230, 245, and 333 trees of Pinus douglasiana Martínez (Pd), Pinus oaxacana Mirov (Po), Pinus patula Schltd (Pp), and Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl (Pps), respectively, was used. In general, the compatible systems explained more than 97% in the observed variability for the four studied components: outside-bark diameter (d), merchantable outside-bark volume (Vm), stem outside-bark volume (Vs), and total tree volume (Vt). Alternatively, more than 52% of the observed variability for branch volume (Vb) was also explained. The developed compatible systems based on volume ratio models are a simple and consistent alternative for estimating the outside-bark diameter and variable outside-bark volume, as well as the components of commercial species for uneven-age and mixed-species forests in Oaxaca, Mexico.
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