grouped under the heads, " Properties of Matter," "Mechanics," "Heat," and "Sound."In many cases questions are asked which the ordinary training school pupil is not likely to answer, but this is by no means a defect.The necessity of taking down full notes on experiments and the need of neatness and order in the records for which blank pages are provided, are kept constantly before the student and forms are given in almost every case for the arrangement of the results obtained in tables.The order of the matter of the book which brings magnetism first is peculiar and the reason given in the preface that "The experiments in magnetism are easy, instructive, and fascinating, thus giving a desirable introduction to the laboratory work," and that " It also gives the teacher time to prepare his laboratory for the more difficult work which comes later" : seem scarcely to hold with sufficient force to warrant this departure particularly if the laboratory work is to be carried on at the same time with work in any of the better known text-books in elementary physics. The separate divisions of the book, however, are not made to depend on each other in a way which forbids the teacher taking them up in any order he prefers.A few of the experiments described could easily be made more exact without additional complication of the apparatus. This is notably true of experiment58 on page 74.The book contains the description of a hundred and thirteen experiments in all and as a whole can be well recommended to training school teachers who are giving laboratory work in physics.
The authors have striven to adapt this l)0()k to tlie cai'liiT sta.ixes of the high-school cnurse.'J'(j this end the statements are simple, techuieal terms are sparingly used, and when employed they are prom[)tly defined. Thus a}iproaehed, Physieal Geography may well serve to introduce young students to the sjiirit and method of science.The aim of the volume as thus set forth "will ex})laiu the omission of a few of the more dihicult eonce})tions of land physiography w'hicli ajipear in some school texts.The treatment, so far as possihle, is concrete. \Vhcrever practicable, each suhject is opened with a ty}>e case, in the description of which the terminology is called forth and the principles begin to ap})ear.Other examples follow, with a systematic statement of principles, and the princi2)les are further illustra.ted liy a|)plica.tion. This is believed to he in the line of gccd teaching, and is a method to wliich our suljject lends itself with special effectiveness.While the princiiiles of Physical Geography lielong to the earth as a whole, and type cases are cited from all regions, the greater emphasis is put on our continent. A se^^arate (diapter on Xorth America wcmkl pass onr limit of space, Init when the entire text has been read, all the greater features of the continent will have received attention.The average judgment of teachers has been sought in ap25ortioning the space to the several greater depaidments of the subject. Xearly one-half is given to the hinds. The relation of organisms to the earth is introduced wherever appropriate, and the two closing chajiters add furtlier illustrations, and treat the principles in a systematic way. V vi AN INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHYThe order of topics has been adopted after deliberate consideration. The study of the lands is brought in early, in the belief that here is the sure appeal to the students' interest aud previous knowledge. Alike for their familiarity, variety, and djrnaniic interest, the stream and its valley come first. This order is also conveniently adjusted to the school year ; field excursions, associated with the study of lauds, can begin in the autumn, and map study aud other laboratory exercises can be carried on during the winter, as may be desired.The atmosphere will be reached during the cold season, which, however, is as favorable as any other for practical exercises in this subject. The ocean is put late, because it is remote from most schools, and has not been seen by the majority of young students. 'RE Kl'B-IKCT (ii-aiiil Canyon of tlic Colnrado UIvlt Cui'vaturc of the oci'an .Si'i/tiiin showing soil, waste, and iiuil-i'ocl Sd'atilied rocks .... Ujiturncd strata Ideal seel ion of part of the eai'lli's cmst Water and land lieniispheres . The brook is a carrier Uplifted sea-nuDgin . 3Iap expressing relief by shading )lap expressing relief by haclnircs .^lap expressing relief by contours (Irbit of I lie cartli Attitude (.f the e.-irtli Relathin nf the earth to the snu's i Relatiun (.f the earth tn lie" snu's ravs l>e Illumination of the...
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