RESUMO A estimativa da área foliar na couve é importante, pois medidas diretas são difíceis e imprecisas, devido ao tamanho da folha, a irregularidade da superfície foliar de alguns genótipos, a necessidade de equipamentos caros e de muita mão-de-obra. Objetivou-se verificar a eficiência da estimação da área foliar de couve por meio de RNAs e constatar a eficiência desta estratégia em comparação com o uso da área foliar observada. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados com três repetições, 22 acessos e quatro plantas por parcela. Desenvolveram-se perceptrons de multicamadas utilizando 50 folhas por acesso, destinando-se 70% para treinamento, 15% para a validação cruzada (early-stop) e 15% para teste. Foram testadas 39 configurações de rede perceptron de multicamadas. As RNAs foram eficientes para estimar a área foliar da couve a partir do comprimento e largura do limbo foliar. A área foliar estimada pela RNA é indicada para a seleção de plantas por ser de fácil obtenção, ser um método não destrutivo, apresentar alta correlação fenotípica e genética com a área foliar observada e maior herdabilidade.

ABSTRACT. Variance components must be obtained to estimate genetic parameters and predict breeding values. This information can be obtained through Bayesian inference. When multiple traits are evaluated, Bayesian inference can be used in multi-trait models. The objective of this study was to obtain estimates of genetic parameters, gains with selection, and genetic correlations among traits. Likewise, we aim to predict the genetic values and select the best kale genotypes using the Bayesian approach in a multi-trait linear model. The following traits were evaluated: stem diameter, plant height, number of shoots, number of marketable leaves and fresh weight of leaves using Bayesian inference in 22 kale genotypes. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design with three replications and four plants per plot. Genetic effects predominated over environmental effects. The highest correlation estimates were found between the fresh weight of leaves and stem diameter and between the plant height and number of marketable leaves. The following commercial cultivars and genotypes are recommended for cultivation and to integrate into breeding programs: UFLA 11, UFLA 5, UFLA 6, UFVJM 3 and UFVJM 19. The estimates of the gain with selection indicate the potential for improvement of the studied population.Keywords: Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC., genetic parameters, crop breeding, statistical modeling, correlations.Parâmetros populacionais e seleção de genótipos de couve por inferência bayesiana em modelo linear multicaracterístico RESUMO. Para selecionar genitores em programas de melhoramento deve-se obter os componentes de variância para estimar parâmetros genéticos e predizer valores genéticos, os quais podem ser obtidos vantajosamente pela inferência bayesiana. Quando várias características são avaliadas a inferência bayesiana pode ser utilizada em modelos multicaracterísticos. Objetivou-se obter estimativas de parâmetros genéticos, ganhos de seleção, conhecer as correlações genéticas entre as características, predizer valores genéticos e selecionar melhores genótipos de couve utilizando a abordagem bayesiana em modelo linear multicaracterístico. Foram avaliados o diâmetro do caule, altura da planta, número de brotações, número de folhas comercializáveis e massa fresca de folhas por inferência bayesiana em 22 genótipos de couve. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados com três repetições e quatro plantas por parcela. Verificou-se a predominância dos efeitos genéticos sobre os ambientais. As maiores estimativas de correlação foram encontradas entre a matéria fresca de folhas e as características diâmetro do caule, altura de plantas e número de folhas comercializáveis. Além das testemunhas comerciais, são indicados para o cultivo e para integrar programas de melhoramento os genótipos UFLA 11, UFLA 5, UFLA 6, UFVJM 3 e UFVJM 19. As estimativas do ganho de seleção indicaram o potencial de melhoramento para a população estudada.

The physalis production has caused interest of producers, consumers and traders due to its easy growing, high nutritional value and economic value added. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and characterize the symptoms of macro and micronutrient deficiencies in physalis seedlings (Physalis peruviana L.). The seedlings were grown in complete nutrient solution and also in solutions with individual omissions of N,

Sweet potato is a promising crop in Brazil due to its potential for bioenergy production. However, little information on adequate chemical weed control is found for this crop. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of clomazone on 20 genotypes of sweet potato and the sensitivity of these materials to weed interference. A field experiment was conducted using an experimental design with four blocks arranged in split-plots. The sweet potato genotypes Brazlândia-Branca, Cariru-Vermelha, Princesa, Tomba-Carro-1 and UFVJM (01, 05, 06, 07, 08, 10, 14, 23, 26, 30, 35, 42, 43, 46, 48 and 49) were grown for 180 days under three weed managements (soils treated with clomazone, mechanically weeded and with no weed control). The plots consisted of the weed control methods and the subplots consisted of the sweet potato genotypes. Phytotoxicity, branch growth and yield were evaluated. Plants grown with no weed interference had larger branch length. The highest yields were found in clomazone-treated soils. Weed interference reduced 81 to 99.7% of the yield. The less susceptible genotypes to weed interference were UFVJM07, UFVJM10 and UFVJM35, and the most sensitive were Princesa and UFVJM01. The root yield of plants under chemical weed control was similar to or greater than those with mechanical weed control in 17 of the 20 genotypes evaluated.

The objective of this study was to evaluate effect of branch removal on the yield and quality of sweet potato genotypes in different harvesting systems and two growing seasons. Two trials (2014 and 2016/17) were conducted in a randomized block design with three replicates in the factorial scheme composed of: three clones (Brazlândia Rosada, BD-31 TO and BD-65) and five harvesting systems (H): H1- total harvest of branch and root at 120 days after planting (DAP); H2- cut of the branches at 120 DAP, plus regrown branches and roots harvested at 210 DAP; H3 - total harvest of branches and roots at 165 DAP; H4 - cut of the branches at 165 DAP and harvest of regrown branches and roots at 210 DAP and H5- branches and roots total harvest at 210 DAP. For harvesting systems H2 and H4 the total production of branches at the end of the cycle was determined by the sum of the two cuts. The yield, dry matter of shoot and root, chemical-bromatological and nutrient quality were evaluated. The 2014 trial produced higher green mass yield of the branches, while in 2016/2017, higher root yield observed. H2 and H4 were shown to have better quality of the branches regarding the bromatological and nutrient characteristics, being recommended for animal feeding. The systems without regrowth (H3 and H5) allowed better yields and quality of roots, useful for human feeding. In general, the clone Brazlândia Rosada, produced the highest yield of roots and branches; therefore, recommended for planting.